The Point is to Make ATP

1
Making energy!
ATP
The pointis to makeATP!
2
The energy needs of life

• Organisms are ___________systems
• What do we need energy for?
• 1
• building biomolecules
• 2
• 3
• 4

3
Where do we get the energy from?

• Work of life is done by____________
• Use ________(catabolic) reactions to fuel
  _________(anabolic) reactions

energy


energy


4
Living economy

• Fueling the bodys economy
• eat high energy_______________
• food 1.__________,2.________,3.___________,4.___
  ________
• break them down
• capture released energy in a form the cell can
  use
• Need an _____________________
• a way to pass energy around

ATP
Whoa! Hot stuff!
5
ATP

• Adenosine Triphosphate
• modified nucleotide
• nucleotide adenine ribose Pi ? _____
• ______ Pi ? ____
• ______ Pi ? _____
• adding phosphates is______________

How efficient! Build once,use many ways
6
How does ATP store energy?
I thinkhes a bitunstabledont you?
AMP
ADP
ATP

• Each negative PO4 more difficult to add
• a lot of stored energy in each bond
• ___________________________
• _______________________________________
• Bonding of negative Pi groups is unstable
• ________________________
• Pi groups pop off easily release energy

Instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent
energy donor
7
How does ATP transfer energy?
7.3energy

ADP
ATP

• ATP ? ADP
• ______________________
• ?G -7.3 kcal/mole
• can fuel other reactions
• Phosphorylation
• __________________________________
• destabilizing the other molecules
• enzyme that phosphorylates _______________

8
An example of Phosphorylation

• Building polymers from monomers
• need to destabilize the monomers
• __________________________

4.2 kcal/mol
kinase enzyme
-7.3 kcal/mol
-3.1 kcal/mol
9
Another example of Phosphorylation

• The first steps of ___________________
• beginning the breakdown of glucose to make ATP

glucose C-C-C-C-C-C
Thosephosphatessure make ituncomfortablearound
here!
fructose-1,6bP P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P
DHAP P-C-C-C
G3P C-C-C-P
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ATP / ADP cycle

• Cant store ____
• too reactive
• transfers ___ too easily
• only ______ term energy storage
• _____________ _____ are long term energy storage

ATP
7.3 kcal/mole
respiration
ADP
A working muscle recycles over 10 million _____
per second
Whoa!Pass methe glucose (and O2)!
11

• Cells spend a lot of time making ATP!

Thepoint is to makeATP!
Whats thepoint?
12
ATP synthase

• Enzyme channel in mitochondrial membrane
• permeable to ___
• ____ flow down concentration gradient
• flow like water over water wheel
• flowing ____ cause change in shape of ATP
  synthase enzyme
• powers bonding of Pi to ADP________________

ADP
ATP
But How is the proton ___ gradient formed?
13
Thats the rest of my story! Any Questions?