School of Electronics and Computer Science

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School of Electronicsand Computer Science

• Knowledge Repositories The Next 10 Years
• Professor Nigel Shadbolt

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Drivers for Change

• The Open Access debate and the Open Archive
  Initiative
• Moores Law
• The Semantic Web
• The Nature of Research Publications

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Drivers for Change

• The Open Access debate and the Open Archive
  Initiative
• Moores Law
• The Semantic Web
• The Nature of Research Publications

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Faster and Smaller

• Devices are getting smaller and faster all the
  time
• Moores Law has held for 40 years
• This leads to orders of magnitude
• Increase in power
• Increase in memory
• Decrease in size
• Decrease in cost
• Constant migration and obsolescence
• Our processors will have very limited shelf life
• Our storage does too
• Our physics does too

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Drivers for Change

• The Open Access debate and the Open Archive
  Initiative
• Moores Law
• The Semantic Web
• The Nature of Research Publications

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Making the Web Semantic
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Via meta content
That is machine readable.
This is a type of object event and this is its
title This is the URL of the web page for the
event This is a type of object photograph and the
photograph is of Tim Berners-Lee Tim Berners-Lee
is an invited speaker at the event
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Can Annotate Anything

• Publications
• Databases
• Metadata on scientific structures

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The SW Community Structured Spaces

• Linkage of heterogeneous information
• web content
• databases
• meta-data repository
• multimedia
• Via ontologies as information mediation
  structures
• Using Semantic Web languages

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Ontologies Fundamental Building Blocks of the
Semantic Web
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The Ontology

• A shared conceptualisation of a domain
• Provides the semantic backbone
• Lightweight and is deployed using a W3C
  recommended standard language

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Genetics Gene Ontology

• One of the earliest examples of the benefits of
  ontologies
• Integration and interoperability were big wins
• Specific tool support
• Considerable resources invested and continuing in
  maintenance
• Spawned more generic biological ontology efforts

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Standards are fundamental
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Advanced Knowledge Technologies IRC

• AKT started Sept 00, 6 years, 8.8 Meg, EPSRC
• www.aktors.org
• Around 65 investigators and research staff

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Infrastructures and Components

• Built core infrastructures
• Constructed component technologies that cover the
  knowledge life cycle in a number of applications

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Exemplar Technology ClassAKT
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Semantic Spaces Integrating Knowledge
Technologies
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The CS AKTive SpaceInternational Semantic Web
Challenge Winner

• 24/7 update of content
• Content continually harvested and acquired
  against community agreed ontology
• Easy access to information gestalts - who, what,
  where
• Hot spots
• Institutions
• Individuals
• Topics
• Impact of research
• citation services etc
• funding levels
• Changes and deltas
• Dynamic Communities of Practice

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Components of a Solution

• Information sets
• Ontology to mediate information sets
• Semantic Storage Capability
• Query Capability on Storage
• Network and graph analysis tools
• Browsing and Visualisation tools

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CS AKTiveSpace
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Extending the model
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EPSRC Knowing what they know
data sources
gatherers and mediators
ontology
knowledge repository(triplestore)
applications
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Visualising Interaction
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Visualising Interaction Programmes
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Drivers for Change

• The Open Access debate and the Open Archive
  Initiative
• Moores Law
• The Semantic Web
• The Nature of Research and Publication
• Knowledge Mapping

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New ways of discovery e-Science

• A large part of scientific discovery is now a
  joint human machine endeavour
• Without considerable compute power no hope of
  progress
• Examples from physics, astronomy, biology,
  chemistry and engineering

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The Comb-e- Chem Vision
Structure Properties
Knowledge Prediction
Structures DB
Properties DB
Co-Laboratory Interaction between users Dark
Labs
Automation Remote interaction
Simulation and calculation
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Undergraduate Students
Digital Library
Graduate Students
E-Scientists
E-Scientists
E-Scientists
Grid
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E-Experimentation
Entire E-Science CycleEncompassing
experimentation, analysis, publication, research,
learning
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The need for xtl-Prints
Combechem
DATA
PUBLICATION
DISSEMINATION
Combichem
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Structural Eprints
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Drivers for Change

• The Open Access debate and the Open Archive
  Initiative
• Moores Law
• The Semantic Web
• The Nature of Research and Publication
• Knowledge Mapping

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Increasing Use of Value Added Services
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Communities of Authors

• An example of a small coauthorship network
  depicting collaborations among scientists at a
  private research institution. Newman, M. E. J.
  (2004)
• Web services to run over archives at varying
  grainsize

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Evolving Domains Impact Analysis

• Three time periods in the PNAS high-impact map
  show the progression from the basic gene and
  protein work and techniques that dominated the
  1980s to more diverse applications in the 1990s
  (Boyack, Kevin W. 2004)

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Bursting onto the scene New Topics
Fig. 2.

• Co-word space of the top 50 highly frequent and
  bursty words used in the top 10 most highly
  cited PNAS publications in 1982-2001

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Self Organising Maps Topic Landscapes

• Use of k-means clustering in combination with a
  term dominance landscape to support semantic
  zooming. Skupin et al 2004

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Detecting Key Moments Pathfinder

• A 624-node merged network with global pruning by
  using Pathfinder Chen (2004)

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A future

• With institutional OAI at its heart
• A semantic web of knowledge
• Knowledge repositories as key holdings
• Knowledge mapping services increasing in range
  and capability
• Beyond bibliometrics