Mike Jennings

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Technology for the Transformation Force
Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD
Mike Jennings Networked Sensors Special Project
Office NVESD mike.jennings_at_nvl.army.mil -
[phone]
SEE FIRST - UNDERSTAND FIRST - ACT FIRST - FINISH
DECISIVELY
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Layered Surveillance for the Objective
Force/FCSGoal Provide High Quality Battlespace
Situational Awareness and Timely BLOS
TargetingISR Becomes ISR T

• Global Surveillance
• Satellite
• JSTARS
• Global Hawk
• Predator
• ACS

• High Performance On-board Sensors
• Gimbal scan/ATR for
• rapid wide area search
• MWIR or SWIR/Laser
• for long range ID

• Brigade Surveillance
• TUAV
• Comanche
• Prophet
• Other Larger UAV (DARPA)
• SOF

• Close Combat S.A.
• Commanders Head Tracked
• for Rapid 360º SA
• Pointer for Connectivity
• vs. Dismounted

• Objective Area BLOS SAT
• Small-UAV
• Unmanned Ground Vehicles
• Unattended Ground Sensors

Biggest Challenge is to avoid ambush in offensive
operations
NSfOF ATD Focus
( RECCE Scouts SOF/ LRRP)

• New Emphasis
• Rapid On-board Target Acquisition
• -See First-
• -Decide First-
• -Shoot First-
• -Kill First-

BLOS SA Targeting
The Problem Targets Hiding in Complex Terrain,
e.g. Tanks Under Trees The Solution Networked
Unmanned Sensors Multiple Look Angles
(High and Low) Continuous Tracking with
Cross Cueing All Layers Contribute to SA
To
Key to FCS/OF Survivability Find most targets,
not just some targets, to avoid unintended close
combat and to provide quick response BLOS
Targeting
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Operational Challenges
Division/Corps/ARFOR Level - National Assets
Unit of Action
Locate Enemy Formations

• 2. Organic BLOS Networked Sensors
• a. Fill in gaps from higher echelon
  Intelligence sources
• b. Extend the eyes and ears of scout with
  organic unmanned platforms
• Immediate Situational Awareness
• Timely BLOS Threat Detection and Targeting
• Target/Non-Combatant ID
• Inspection of Difficult Targets
• c. Engage at time and place of Commanders
  choosing
• Make contact with sensors
• Maneuver and develop situation out of direct
  contact

Unit of Employment

• 1. TUAV - Eye in the Sky - Comanche
• a. Over-the-horizon, all weather, wide area
  search capability for Bde
• b. Complement Global Surveillance in areas
  hampered by shadowing, foliage, CCD
• c. Obscured target detection e.g., Tanks Under
  Trees
• d. Provide continuous tracking and targeting for
  longer range standoff weapons
• Standoff minefield detection
• Mission Planning and C2

Extended Direct Close-Combat Fight (BLOS)
Vehicle Line of Sight (LOS)
3. Manned Platform Sensors a. Rapid
search b. target detection and ID at extreme
LOS ranges c. On the Move (OTM) performance d.
Maintain OPTEMPO, survivability through mine
avoidance
Close Combat/Urban
4. The Close Fight and Soldier Sensors a.
Closed hatch SA and rapid response to dismounted
threats in restricted and urban terrain b.
Connectivity and cooperative ID for elements of
the dismounted/ mounted team for fire, maneuver,
assault c. Small, lightweight, low cost and
low power soldier sensors
Global/ Theater
100 km
25 km
12 km
5 km
2 km
SOURCE Unit of Action Task Force 11 Sept 01
Layered RSTA for the Objective Force
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Where We Fit In !
Networked Sensors for the Objective Force
Sensors for the Close Fight BSAT Inside the
extended Objective Area
Organic Low Cost Unmanned Sensors for the
Battlefield Commander
Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD(p)
Sensors for Organic small- UAV
Networked Sensors and Communications at levels
below the Tactical Internet
Networked Unattended Ground Sensors
Distributed Sensors Fill the Battlefield
Situational Awareness Gap and Provide BLOS
Targeting Complement Global Surveillance
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Low Cost RSTA Sensors for UGVs
Sensor Hub

• Warfighter Utility
• Sustained Overwatch
• All Weather Operations
• Day/night Targeting
• Target Tracking
• Attritable (Low Cost)
• Make and Maintain
• Sensor Contact
• Finding Targets in Hide
• Draw Fire
• Reduce Exposure of Manned Sensor Platform
• Comm Relay
• BDA

Wide and Narrow FLIR
Laser Illuminator
Affordable Sensor Suites for UGVs - Uncooled IR
plus flash laser illuminator
Image clip from SWIR

• Sensor Challenges
• Aided Target Recognition
• Semi-Autonomous Operation
• Cost for Aggressive Use

Standoff Unmanned Autonomous Mobile Scout
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Sensors for Small-UAVs

• Warfighter Utility
• Organic Quick Look Capability
• Day/night Targeting
• Target Tracking
• Attritable (Low Cost)
• Inspect Difficult Targets
• BDA

• Sensor Challenges
• Range for Survivability
• Search Efficiency
• Target Location Accuracy Given Small Payload

Standoff Unmanned Organic Quick Look Capability
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Networked Unattended Ground Sensors

• Warfighter Utility
• Sustained Overwatch
• All Weather Operations
• Day/night Targeting
• Target Cueing
• Force Protection/Flank Security
• Contiguous Battlespace (White/Gray)

Networked Unattended Ground Sensors
Uncooled IR
Networked Comms

• Sensor Challenges
• Communications
• Target ID
• Day/Night Imager Cost
• Rapid Emplacement LOS
• Deployment

Demonstrates Targeting (not just tripwire)
Multi-Sensor Trigger
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(No Transcript)
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Unmanned System Synergies

• Cross-Cueing
• UGS Cueing the UAVs and UGV
• Target Handoff
• Multiple Look Angles
• Deployment
• UGV and UAV Deploy UGS
• UGV Retrieve High Fidelity UGS
• Comm relay
• UGV Mobile Relay
• UGS Comm Relay Placed by UGV

Mission Flexibility - Mix of Sensors Needed for
METT-T
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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force
(Notional System Architecture)
Complex Terrain
Distributed Unattended Sensors
Small UAV

• Detect
• ID
• Correlate
• Forward

Imager
Imager
(High BW Comms Relay from UGV)
UGV

• Sensor C2
• Data Mgt
• Planning
• Tools

Imager
Info Data Base
Legacy Coms/ Tactical Internet (Info-sphere)

• Distributed, Networked Sensors
• Self-Organizing, Self-Repairing,
• Ad-Hoc Networks
• Robust Comms
• LPD/LPI
• Rapid Redundancy

Mech Inf Bn
Push-Pull with Higher Echelon Systems and
National Assets
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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force
Application Software Architecture
Planning Module RSTA Planning Cell
Located at HQ RSTA SQDN
Maneuver Planning
AIs
Platform C2 ie FBCB2
Pull GAP ID
Sensor Hub RECCE TM
CGS
Tactical Internet
Tactical Internet
Sensor Data Input
GAP ID
UGS
Recommendation/ Confirmation
Data/Report
JCDB
UGV
AIs
S-UAV
Populate C2 Platforms (i.eFBCB2, MCS, AFTADS,
ASAS)
Sensor Data Management Module
Comms to Sensors C2
Legacy
ATD
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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force - ATD
Virtual Simulation Strategy Man in the Loop-
Hide and Seek Experiments
Red Team
Blue Team
Denotes Blue sensor deployment
Denotes Red Team position
Red Team uses terrain features and stealthy
tactics to avoid detection while approaching Blue
Team position. Blue Team uses terrain analysis
tools to determine deployment location of
distributed sensors to detect and target incoming
Red Team. Iterative runs of this type of
scenario will be executed to establish
statistical basis for TTPs and distributed
sensor effectiveness.
Early Experiments with the Mounted Battlespace
Battlelab- CECOM participation in FCC2 - to be in
UA CEP FY02
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FCC2 ExperimentCERDEC Focus Areas
SAR/GMTI (Remote) SMDBL
A160 UAV SAR/MTI CECOM I2WD
Cdr Decision Aids TACOM ARDEC
Paint the Night Terrain CECOM NVESD FCS Vehicle
Concepts TACOM TARDEC
Fire Support Decision Aids TACOM ARDEC
Surrogate C4 (C2SAF) MMBL
BCV
Effects
SOV
Cdr Interactive Display CECOM I2WD
Direct Fire
Warfighter Electronic Collection
Mgmt (Distributed SIGINT) CECOM I2WD
Comm Effects Model CECOM C2D NVESD
Quick Look TACOM ARDEC
NSfOF Recon
SUAV
Imaging Sensors Paint the Night CECOM NVESD
FCS IN CO
UGS
CERDEC
UGV
Focus of Networked Sensors for the Objective
Force ATD
AMC
Battlelabs
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NSfOF Recce VehicleSimulator
Vehicle Commander
Driver/Gunner
UAV/UGS Video
UGS Controller
UAV/UGV Controls
SA Display
NSfOF Mission Specialist
Recce PLT Ldr
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Sensor Mix Performance
Targeting UAV, Broad Area Coverage UGS
Threshold Criteria
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Impact due to Indirect Fire Latency
Case II- RSTA Sensors in with Maneuver corridor
- C2 Vehicle has direct control on Net Fire
Platforms Latency 600 Seconds Blue takes Kills/
Red achieves Objective
Case I - RSTA Sensors in with Maneuver corridor
- C2 Vehicle has direct control on Net Fire
Platforms Latency 30 Seconds All Red Killed
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C3OTM Demo is a Subset of the NSfoF and Other
Army Programs
Networked Sensors for the Objective Force -
Roadmap
Darpa Technologies
FCS
?? FUE 08
PDR
CDR
FCS Acceleration
Transition to PEO IEW
(MS-B IPR)
FY01 FY02 FY03
FY04 FY05 Oct 00 Sep 01
Oct 01 Sep 02 Oct 02 Sep 03 Oct 03 Sep
04 Oct 04 Sep 05
Final Field DEMO
NSfoF
?
Demo Plan
Interim Lab DEMO
RPFSD Air Systems Land Warfare MSD ARL I2WD STC C2
D
DSIF DEMO
Demo Plan
DSIF DEMO
DSIF DEMO
Subsystem Block Improvements
DSIF DEMO
FY01 FY02 FY03
FY04 FY05 Oct 00 Sep 01
Oct 01 Sep 02 Oct 02 Sep 03 Oct 03 Sep
04 Oct 04 Sep 05
C3OTM
Sensor Simulations DSIFD
ATD Redirect -C3OTM 1st ATD Demo
C3OTM Field DEMO
FY01 FY02 FY03
FY04 FY05 Oct 00 Sep 01
Oct 01 Sep 02 Oct 02 Sep 03 Oct 03 Sep
04 Oct 04 Sep 05
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Summary

• Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD
  will demonstrate a new layer of organic
  situational awareness and targeting essential to
  the FCS/Objective Forces Survivability
• Complements higher echelon Intel assets in
  complex terrain and MOUT
• Advanced Unmanned Sensors (much
  smaller/cheaper/more capable) are expected to
  offer increased operational effectiveness in a
  variety of missions- Todays and Future
• Sensor data management to reduce the burden to
  the Operator
• Reduce the number of Unmanned Platform Ocs
  Develop a Multi-Platform OCU

Challenges
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Backup Slides
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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD
Approach
Sensors for Small-UAV Platforms (Fixed Wing and
VTOL)
Unattended Ground Sensors And Networked Comms
Sensors for UGV Platforms

• Optimize miniature uncooled day/night imaging
  payload
• Use BAT acoustics for aerial cueing
• Integrate DARPA AVS products such as mosaic and
  geo-reference on mini-ground station to improve
  search

• Implement low power uncooled IR imaging with
  acoustic wake-up sensors
• Develop low power, small, efficient fast signal
  correlating radios and energy efficient
  networking protocols to provide robust/low power
  networks

• Large Format (640x480)
• Uncooled IR FPAs
• ATR algorithms for uncooled IR
• Gated SWIR FPAs w/Eyesafe flash laser
• Demo Gimbal for low cost targeting

Virtual Simulation

Sensor and Data Mgt Software

• Modify GOTS and COTS SW to perform planning and
  sensor management
• Assemble stationary and mobile integration
  testbed to evaluate sensor management tools
• Conduct UGS deployment using UGV and VTOL
  platforms
• Perform cross cueing and deployment experiments

• Use virtual field tests to determine sensor
  mixes to meet mission requirements
• Determine initial information flow
• Iterative runs to establish statistical basis for
  distributed sensor

Integration into Laboratory, Vehicle, Dismounted
Config
RSTA Sensor Hub
Dismounted Scouts As a Sensor
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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD
Program Status

• Combined STO III.IS.2001.02 (Sensors) (02 Start)
  STO III.C4.2001.01 (Comms) (01 Start) for
  FY02-05 ATD proposal per ASTWG direction
• Established Special Project Office
• Established Multi-organizational partnerships and
  cooperation
• Organized ATD Working Group IPT
• Technical concept exchange w/ FCS teams
• TRADOC (Armor School and Infantry School DCDs,
  CG of Intel School)- Users input and operational
  analysis(simulation)
• Endorsements by Armor School DCD, Mounted
  Maneuver Battle Lab, Field Artillery School,
  Battle Command Battle Lab (Leavenworth), Maneuver
  Support Center (with separate endorsements from
  Engineer, Military Police, Chemical)
• ARL Focusing UGS Communication and Sensor
  development to support the ATD
• CECOM RDEC
• NVESD-Advanced sensor technologies system of
  systems integration
• C2D C2 tools for sensor planning and placement
  (residing in Sensor Hub)
• STCD- Network Communications for UGS (Mature ARL
  Technology)
• I2WD - Common Ground station Gap ID tools
  (residing on DCGS)
• Participate in MMBLs FCC2 Exercise
• ARL/JPO Robotics Technology Development and Demo
  III Hardware
• PEO IEW Transition planning
• PM-NBC/SBCCOM/JSIG to add Chem/Bio reporting
  capability
• Initiated military utility concept study
• Leveraging WEBS and APLA to establish an in-house
  integration lab

87M over FY 01-05

• Developed Comms Architecture
• ARL Contract Awarded for FCS 03 Demo
• Digital Signal Correlator Networking Protocols
• ARL Contract for FCS Demo Qtys (June 01)

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Networked Sensors for the Objective Force ATD
FY 02/03 Planned Accomplishments

• FY 02
• Management Plan Finalized and Approved
• Conduct MITL Simulation runs - Refine
  Architecture, Notional CONOPS to support FCS
  studies/concepts included in TRADOC Unit of
  Action CEP (Mid 02)
• Develop stationary system of system sensor
  deployment planning center capability consistent
  w/ FCS concept teams architectures to test
  initial deployment planning sensor data
  management software tools. Stimulate w/ simulated
  sensor and COTS prototype
• Conduct lab evaluation of 10 node adaptive UGS
  sensor network
• Conduct field data collection on surrogate s-UAV
  Aircraft (VTOL/Fixed Wing)w/ Uncooled and
  Acoustic sensor
• Participate in the C3OTM Demo as the Sensor suite
  for the Unit of Action Cell
• Initiate UGS sensor fabrication efforts
• FY 03
• Demonstrate advanced UGS prototype capability in
  field environment
• Demo uncooled ATR for cueing flash illuminated
  SWIR system for UGV sensor payload
• Field test robust communications network of 20
  UGS nodes
• Conduct user system integration experiment w/
  stationary sensor management center to
  demonstrate unmanned sensor cross-cueing and data
  mgmt software and integrate information collected
  by sensors with other SA data
• Incorporate lessons learned in live demo into the
  System architecture and hardware design and
  integrate into FCS/Obj Force architecture