Title: Database Development Process
1Database Development Process
2Enterprise Data Model
- Sets the range and general contents of
organizational databases. - Results in a total picture or explanation of
organizational data, not in the design for a
particular database. - Entity-relationship diagram.
- Descriptions of entity types.
- Relationships between entities.
- Business rules.
3Figure 2-1 Segment from enterprise data model
(Pine Valley Furniture Company)
4Information Systems Architecture
- Data (Enterprise Data Model)
- Processes
- Data Network
- People
- Events and Points in Time (when processes are
performed) - Reasons (for events and rules, e.g. decision
tables)
5Information Engineering
- A data-oriented methodology to create and
maintain information systems. - Top-down planning approach.
- Four steps
- Planning
- (Results in an Information Systems Architecture)
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
6Information Systems Planning
- Align IT with the business strategies.
- Three steps
- Identify strategic planning factors
- Organization goals - i.e., maintain 10 per year
growth rate - Critical success factors - i.e., high quality
products, on-time delivery - Problem areas - i.e., inaccurate sales forecasts,
stock-outs, increased competition
7Information Systems Planning
- Identify corporate planning objects
- Organizational units - various departments of
organization - Organizational locations - places where business
occurs - Business functions - related group of business
processes that support some aspect of the mission
of the enterprise - Entity types - major categories of data about the
people, places, things managed by the
organization - Information (application) systems - application
software supporting procedures for handling
sets of data - Develop enterprise model
- Functional decomposition of business functions
- Enterprise data model (see below)
- Planning matrices (see below)
8Example of process decomposition of an order
fulfillment function
9Planning Matrices
- Function to data entity
- Location to function
- Unit to function
- IS application to data entity
- Supporting function to data entity
- which data are captured, used, updated, deleted
within each function - IS application to business objective
10Example business function-to-data entity matrix
Customer Product Raw Material Order Work
Center Work Order Invoice Equipment Employee
Data Entity Types
Business Function
Business Planning X X X X Product
Development X X X
X Materials Management X X X X X
X Order Fulfillment X X X X X X X
X X Order Shipment X X X X
X X Sales Summarization X X
X X X Production Operations
X X X X X X X Finance and
Accounting X X X X X X X X
11Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Project Identification and Selection
Project Initiation and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
12Steps in the Database Development Process
- Enterprise Modeling
- Conceptual Data Modeling
- Cuts across Project Initiation and Planning
Analysis phases of SDLC - Logical Database Design
- Physical Database Design and Creation
- Database Implementation
- Database Maintenance
13Database Development Process (1 0f 5)
- Enterprise modeling
- analyze current data processing
- analyze general business functions their
database needs - Justify need for new data databases in support
of business
14Database Development Process (2 0f 5)
- Conceptual data modeling
- identify scope of database requirements for
proposed information system - analyze overall data requirements for business
functions supported by database - develop preliminary conceptual data model
- compare preliminary conceptual data model with
enterprise data model - develop detailed conceptual data model
- populate repository with conceptual database
specifications
15Database Development Process (3 0f 5)
- Logical Database Design
- analyze in detail the transactions, form,
displays, inquiries (database view) required by
business functions - integrate database views into conceptual data
model - identify data integrity and security
requirements, populate repository
16Database Development Process (4 0f 5)
- Physical database design
- define database to DBMS
- decide on physical organization of data
- design data processing programs
- Database implementation
- code test database processing programs
- complete database documentation training
materials - install database convert data from prior systems
17Database Development Process (5 0f 5)
- Database maintenance
- analyze database database applications to
ensure that evolving information requirements are
met - tune database for improved performance
- fix errors in database and database applications
recover database when it is contaminated
18Database Development Activities During the
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Enterprise modeling
Project Identification and Selection
Conceptual data modeling
Project Initiation and Planning
Analysis
Logical database design
Logical Design
Physical Design
Physical database design creation
Implementation
Database implementation
Maintenance
Database maintenance
19Database Development Process
- Sources
- Information systems planning
- User application requests - bottom-up
- IS Development Approaches
- Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- Prototyping
- Others
20Database and IS Development
- SDLC
- Generally clear match between phases in database
development and SDLC. - RAD
- Cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling.
- Define database during development of initial
prototype. - Repeat implementation and maintenance activities
with new prototype versions.
21Figure 2-6 The prototyping methodology and
database development process
22Database and IS Development
- CASE - software tools that provide automated
support for some portion of the systems
development process (i.e., Oracle Designer) - Database drawing tools
- Code generation (SQL)
- Repository - knowledge base of information about
the facts that an enterprise must be able to
access the processes it must perform to be
successful.
23People in Database Development
- Systems analysts
- Database analysts
- Users
- Programmers
- Database and data administrators
- Systems programmers, network administrators,
testers, technical writers
24Example Developing a database
applicationFigure 2-11 Preliminary data model
for product line marketing support system
25Figure 2-12 Definition of PRODUCT LINE table
26Figure 2-13 Definition of PRODUCT table
27Figure 2-14 Definition of ORDER table
28Figure 2-15 Definition of ORDERED PRODUCT table
29Figure 2-16 Database definition for Home Office
product line marketing support system
30Figure 2-17 Home Office sales-to-goal comparison
query
31Figure 2-18 Home Office product line sales
comparison