Telecommunications

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Telecommunications

• Chapter 1

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Telecommunications

• Computer
• Internet
• Cell phone
• Pager
• Telephone

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What is communication?

• Communication Sharing of information or
  messages between two or more entities

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Personal Data Communication

• Personal
• Human parties sending and receiving information
• Language
• Data
• Electronic exchange of information between
  electrical devices
• Code

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Elements of Communication

• Source
• Originator of message
• Transmitter
• Equipment that modifies message into the form
  required for transmission
• Communication channel/Transmission media
• Means of carrying the signal. Physical like
  cable or atmospheric like radio waves
• Receiver
• Device that captures the message and converts
  into form for person or machine
• Destination
• Person or machine to whom or to which the
  message is directed

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Source
Transmitter
Receiver
Destination
Hello
Hi
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Flow of Messages

• Simplex - Single direction communication
• Television Broadcast
• Half-duplex - Bi-directional communication
• CB Radio
• Full-duplex simultaneous communication
• Telephone conversation

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Flow of Messages
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Relative Number of Source and Destinations

• One-to-one or Point-to-Point
• single source sends information to a single
  destination
• One-to-Many or Broadcast
• Single source sends to multiple destinations
• Many-to-many
• Many sources issue messages to many destinations

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Relative Number of Sources and Destinations
One
One
One
Many
Many
Many
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What is telecommunications?

• Telecommunication communication that spans a
  distance

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Categories of Telecommunication
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Voice Telecommunication

• Telephone
• Telephony Infrastructure
• Cables
• Wires
• Connectivity devices
• Users
• National regional cabling
• Switching centers
• Local connection
• Telephone equipment

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Data Telecommunication

• Telegraph
• Encoded information sent over telephone lines
• Encoded information saved to fixed media (CD,
  floppy disk, hard drive)
• Encoded information exchanged by computers on a
  network
• Encoded information exchanged by two devices over
  radio waves

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Networks

• Groups of computers and other devices that are
  interconnected to more easily exchange data and
  share resources
• Foundation of most major data telecom systems

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Convergence

• Combination of voice, video, and data
  communication along the same channel

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Types of telecommunication Companies

• Service providers
• supply the communications channels for voice and
  data transmission
• Equipment providers
• supply the user and connectivity equipment, such
  as telephones

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Growth of the Telecommunications Industry

• The United States government recently released a
  report citing the number of high-speed lines
  connecting individuals and businesses to the
  Internet increased 36 during the first half of
  the year 2001, for a total of 9.6 million
  high-speed connections.
• The number of minutes Americans spend on
  interstate long-distance telephone calls has
  quadrupled in the last 25 years to a total of 600
  billion minutes.
• As of July 2001, the number of computers that
  provide files and Web pages to users on the
  Internet had grown to over 125 million,
  maintaining a 63 annual growth rate.

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Telecommunications at work

• Financial Services
• Call centers
• Interactive Voice Respone (IVR)
• Automatic Call Distribution (ACD)
• Utilities
• Manufacturing

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Telecommunications at work

• Transportation
• Underground conduit
• Telephone poles
• Transoceanic pathways
• Satellite
• Voice recognition
• Retail
• E-business
• Quality control
• Inventory
• Distribution

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Telecommunications at work

• Healthcare
• Telemedicine
• Government Education
• Distance learning

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New Frontiers for Telecommunications Technology

• Fiber optic cable

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Careers in Telecommunications

• No matter what type of telecommunications
  position you seek, the following will serve you
  well
• The ability to install, maintain, and
  troubleshoot the system of cables and wires that
  carry telecommunications services
• A thorough knowledge of the public telephone
  network and the carriers and regulations that are
  part of it
• Familiarity with enhanced telephone services
  (such as IVR and ACD)

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Careers in Telecommunications

• A mastery of the basic principles of electricity
• A clear understanding of how computers accept and
  interpret data from other computers over a
  network
• The ability to design, install, and troubleshoot
  basic networks
• An understanding of how the Internet works
• Familiarity with wireless transmission methods

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Careers in Telecommunications

• Areas within the field of telecommunications that
  you might consider specializing in
• Networked convergence of voice, video, and data
• Electronics and circuit design and engineering
• Development of telephony and computer
  applications
• Wireless telephony and networking
• Information security

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Telecommunications Standard Organization

• Standards - documented agreements containing
  technical specifications or other precise
  criteria that stipulate how a particular product
  or service should be designed or performed.

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Standards Organizations

• ANSI - American National Standards Institute
• EIA - The Electronics Industry Alliance
• TIA - Telecommunications Industry Association
• IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic
  Engineers

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Standards Organizations

• ATIS - The Association for Telecommunications
  Industry Solutions
• ISO - International Organization for
  Standardization
• The ITU - International Telecommunications Union

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U.S. Government Regulatory and Legislative Bodies

• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
• Public Service Commission (PSC) or known as
  Public Utilities Commission (PUC)

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Summary

• Communication is the conveyance and understanding
  of meaningful information from one entity to
  another.
• Every communication system involves a source,
  transmitter, communication channel, receiver, and
  destination.
• Messages are considered simplex, half duplex, or
  full duplex.

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Summary

• Telecommunication is communication that spans a
  distance.
• Voice telecommunication refers to using
  electrical signals to transmit human voice across
  a distance.
• Video telecommunication refers to the
  electrically-based transmission of moving
  pictures and sound across a distance.

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Summary

• Data telecommunication refers to use of
  electrical signals to exchange encoded
  information between computerized devices across a
  distance.
• Within the field of telecommunications,
  professionals typically divide its services into
  three categories voice, video, and data.
• The telephone is the primary means of
  transmitting and receiving voice signals.

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Summary

• An infrastructure is a systems collection of
  cables, wires, connectivity devices, users, and
  user equipment all working together.
• The telegraph was one of the first data
  telecommunications inventions.
• The combination of voice, video, and data
  traveling over the same telecommunications
  infrastructure is called convergence.

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Summary

• The Bell System or ATT was the one company who
  dominated the voice telecommunications in the
  U.S. for the 20th Century and has shaped the
  telecommunications industry.
• The telecommunication companies are typically
  divided into two categories service providers
  and equipment providers.
• The telecommunications industry is governed by
  standards set by standards organizations.

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Summary

• Those organizations include ANSI, ATIS, IEEE,
  ISO, ITU, and TIA/EIA.
• Telecommunications companies also adhere to
  federal and state rules that come from the FCC
  and PSC.
• The telecommunications industry provides many
  career opportunities.