Its Green, But What Does it Mean

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Its Green, But What Does it Mean ?

• Professor Michael Ryan, Architect, NCARB, CCS,
  CCCA, CSI
• Chair of Architecture and Interior Design
• Professor Robert Lowe, III
• Professor of Architecture, Computer Aided
  Drafting Specialist

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Greenwashing

• What does it mean to be Green
• Green buildings?

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Greenwashing

• Just because its Green

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Environmental Roulette
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Place your bet

• What is the percentage of electricity consumed by
  buildings in the US?
• (within 5)

Buildings consume 72 of the electricity
AND, 39 of the total energy
6
Place your bet

• What is the percentage of raw materials used by
  buildings in the US?
• (within 5)

Buildings consume 40 of the raw materials
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Place your bet

• What is the percentage of waste is generated by
  buildings in the US?
• (within 5)

Buildings create 30 of the total waste
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Place your bet

• How many tons of waste in the US is generated by
  buildings?
• (within 5 million tons)

Buildings generate 136 million tons of waste each
year
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Place your bet

• How much more water is taken from the ground than
  is replenished each year in the US?
• (within 1 trillion gallons)

Americans take 3.7 trillion gallons more out of
the ground than is replenished
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Place your bet

• There is an area in the Pacific Ocean the size of
  Texas that has collected floating litter from
  plastic bottles, lids, bags, etc.
• (True or False?)

FALSE. The area is Two Times the size of Texas
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Fun Fact The water in water bottles is
regulated by the FDA The water out of your tap
is regulated by the EPA .which has higher
standards than the FDA
Place your bet

• What is the percent of water bottles recycled in
  the US each day?
• (within 5)

Americans recycle only 10 of the 40 million
water bottles purchased each day
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Place your bet

• Approximately how much time (percentage) do
  Americans spend indoors?
• (within 10)

Americans now spend about 90 of their life
inside buildings
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Other Statistics

• Globally buildings are responsible for
• 17 Fresh water withdrawals
• 25 of the wood harvest
• 33 of the CO2 emissions
• 40 of the material and energy use

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History

• Impact of 1973 Oil Embargo
• Passive Solar
• Thermal Envelope
• Sick Buildings
• Going Green
• High Performance Buildings

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LEED

• Developed by United States Green Building Council
  consensus based
• Leadership in
• Energy and
• Environmental
• Design
• Nationally accepted benchmark for high
  performance green buildings

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LEED Rating Systems

• LEED for New Commercial Construction and Major
  Renovations
• Guidelines for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus
  Building Projects
• LEED for Existing Buildings Operations and
  Maintenance
• LEED for Commercial Interiors
• LEED for Core and Shell Development
• LEED for Schools
• LEED for Homes
• LEED for Neighborhood Development (Pilot)

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Leed Categories

• Sustainable Sites (14 Possible Points)
• Water Efficiency (5 Possible Points)
• Energy Atmosphere (17 Possible Points)
• Materials Resources (13 Possible Points)
• Indoor Environmental Quality (15 Possible Points)
• Plus Bonus Points
• Innovation Design Process (5 Possible Points)

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LEED Rating Levels

• LEED Platinum (52-69 Points)
• LEED Gold (39-51 Points)
• LEED Silver (33-38 Points)
• LEED Certified (26-32 Points)

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First Platinum Award Building

• Chesapeake Bay Foundation
• Phillip Merrill Center

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LEED Category 1SUSTAINABLE SITES
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Sustainable Sites Credits

• Prerequisite Const. Activity Pollution
  Prevention
• Credit 1 Site Selection
• Credit 2 Development Density Community
  Connectivity
• Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment
• Credit 4.1 Alt. Transportation Public
  Transportation Access
• Credit 4.2 Alt. Transportation Bicycle Storage
  Changing Rooms
• Credit 4.3 Alt. Transportation Low Emitting
  Fuel Efficient Vehicles 1

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Sustainable Sites Credits

• Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking
  Capacity
• Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore
  Habitat
• Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space
• Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control
• Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control
• Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
• Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof
• Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction

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Sustainable Sites Alternative TransportationBic
ycle Storage and Changing Rooms Credit 4.2

• Provide secured bicycle storage with
  changing/shower facilities for 5 or more of the
  occupants (15 for residential projects)

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Sustainable Sites Alternative TransportationLow
Emitting Fuel Efficient Vehicles Credit 4.3

• Provide low emitting/fuel efficient vehicles for
  3 of the occupants -OR-
• Provide preferred parking for these vehicles
  -OR-
• Install alternative-fuel refueling station for 3
  of the total parking capacity of the site

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Vegetated DrainageBioretention

• Let plants suck it up!

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Sustainable Sites Heat Island Effect

• Credit 7.1 Non-Roof
• Temperature difference between developed and
  non-developed land
• Provide shade and use light colored or open grid
  paving, or
• Provide 50 of the parking covered
• Credit 7.2 Roof
• Provide 75 reflective roof material, or
• Provide 50 vegetated (green) roofs, or
• Combination of both

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Vegetated roofs are for everyone
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LEED Category 2WATER EFFICIENCY
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Water Efficiency Strategies

• Strategy - Automatic Controls
• Strategy - Waterless Urinals
• Strategy - Biological Wastewater Treatment
• Systems
• Strategy - Graywater Plumbing Systems

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Water EfficiencyCredits

• Credit 1 Water Efficient Landscaping
• Eliminate or reduce (by 50) the use of potable
  water for irrigation
• Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies
• Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water
  demand
• Credit 3 Water Use Reduction
• Maximize water efficiency and reduce use by 20
• Maximize water efficiency and reduce use by 30

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Capture rainwater and USE it!
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Alternatives

• Composting Toilets
• Turns human waste into compost
• Uses natural processes
• Waterless Urinals
• No water use
• Reduces sewer output
• Odor and touch free
• Can be used in existing systems

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LEED Category 3ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

• Reduces carbon dioxide released by burning fossil
  fuels
• Factor in global warming
• Reduces release of nitrogen oxide
• Major contributor to smog
• Reduces sulfur dioxide
• Key element in acid rain

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Energy and AtmosphereElectricity Use

• Electricity End-Use Consumption in Office
  Buildings by Activity
• Based on data from the Department of Energy,
  Energy Information Administration

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Energy and Atmosphere Credits

• Prerequisite 1 Fundamental building
  commissioning
• Prerequisite 2 Minimum energy performance
• Prerequisite 3 Fundamental refrigerant
  management
• Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance
• Credit 2 On-Site Renewable Energy
• Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning
• Credit 4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management
• Credit 5 Measurement Verification
• Credit 6 Green Power

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Energy and Atmosphere On-Site Renewable Energy
- Credit 2

• Intent
• Encourage increased levels of self supply through
  renewable technologies
• Reduce environmental impacts associated with
  fossil fuel energy use
• Supply net fraction (2.5-12.5) of building
  total energy use thru use of on-site renewable
  energy systems

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Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems

• Solar
• Converts sunlight into energy
• Methods

Direct
Indirect
Isolated
Photovoltaics
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Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems

• Wind Energy
• Converts moving air to electricity
• Need 12 to 14 mph wind speeds
• Turbines produce between 10 and 1,650kw

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Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems

• Geothermal
• Uses heat from the earth
• Biomass
• Plant material converted into energy
• Alternative Fuels
• Methane
• Biodiesel
• Ethanol

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LEED Category 4MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
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Materials ResourcesStrategies

• Re-use Existing Buildings
• Use Salvaged Materials
• Use Recycled Content Materials
• Use Locally Manufactured Materials
• Use Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Use Certified Wood
• Incorporate recovery and recycling

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Materials ResourcesCredits

• Prerequisite 1 Storage Collection of
  Recyclables
• Credits1.1-1.2 Maintain 75-95 of Existing
  Walls, Floors Roof
• Credit 1.3 Maintain 50 of Interior
  Non-Structural Elements
• Credits 2.1-2.2 Divert 50-75 of Construction
  Waste
• Credits 3.1-3.2 5-10 Materials Reuse
• Credits 4.1-4.2 10-20 Recycled Content
• Credits 5.1-5.2 10-20 Materials, Extracted,
  Processed Manufactured Regionally
• Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Credit 7 Certified Wood

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Materials Resources Materials Reuse - Credit 3

• Intent
• Extend the life cycle of targeted building
  materials by reducing environmental impacts
  related to materials manufacturing and transport

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Materials Resources Recycled Content - Credit
4

• Intent
• Increase demand for building products that have
  incorporated recycled content materials

Toilet partitions made from milk jugs detergent
bottles
Glass tiles made from recycled glass
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Typical Products With Recycled Content

• Steel
• Ceramic Tile
• Gypsum Board
• Ceiling grid and tiles
• Toilet partitions
• Concrete/Paving

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Materials Resources Rapidly Renewable
Materials - Credit 6

• Intent
• Reduce the use and deletion of finite raw and
  long cycle renewable materials by replacing them
  with rapidly renewable materials

Cork
Bamboo
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Materials Resources Certified Wood - Credit 7

• Intent
• Encourage environmentally responsible forest
  management

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LEED Category 5INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
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Background

• Americans spend about 90 percent of their time
  indoors
• Major Health Issues
• Legionnaire's disease
• Sick building syndrome
• ETS
• Radon
• Carbon Monoxide
• Indoor Pollutants

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Common Sources of Indoor Pollutants
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General IEQ Issues

• Illumination
• Acoustics
• Occupant control of building systems
• Daylighting
• Views
• All enhance the indoor environment and optimize
  interior spaces for occupants

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Indoor Environmental QualityCredits

• Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Required
• Prereq 2 Control Environmental Tobacco Smoke
  (ETS)
• Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
• Credit 2 Increased Ventilation
• Credits 3.1-3.2 Construction IAQ Management
  Plans
• Credits 4.1-4.4 Low-Emitting Materials
• Credit 5 Indoor Chemical Pollutant Source
  Control
• Credits 6.1-6.2 Controllability of Systems
• Credits 7.1-7.2 Thermal Comfort, Design and
  Verification
• Credits 8.1-8.2 75-90 of Spaces with Daylight
  and Views

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Indoor Environmental Quality Increase
Ventilation - Credit 2

• Intent
• Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to
  improve indoor air quality for improved occupant
  comfort, well-being and productivity

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Natural Ventilation
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Indoor Environmental Quality Low Emitting
Materials - Credit 4

• Intent
• Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants
• Adhesives sealants, paints and coatings
• Meet or exceed Green Seal Standard VOC limits
• Carpet Systems
• Meet requirements of the Carpet and Rug
  Institutes Green Label program
• Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products
• Contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins

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Indoor Environmental Quality Daylight and Views
- Credit 8

• Intent
• Provide a connection between indoor spaces and
  outdoor environments
• Introduce sunlight and views into the occupied
  areas of the building
• For 75 and 90 of the building occupants

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Considerations

• A well designed daylit building is estimated to
  reduce lighting energy use by 50 to 80
• Daylighting design is a careful balance of heat
  gain and loss, glare control, and variation in
  daylight availability
• Includes
• Window glazing
• Shading devices
• Light shelves
• Courtyards
• Atriums

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Sustainable Design Nothing New, Just Good Design

• Limited Site Disturbance
• Southern Exposure
• Oriented on East-West Axis
• Local Materials
• Recyclable Materials
• No CFCs
• Natural Ventilation
• Daylighting
• Views
• Fluorescent Lighting
• Near Public Transportation

Fallingwater1936