What Fertilizer Should I Use?

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What Fertilizer Should I Use?

• Bob Stevens
• Extension Soil Scientist
• WSU- Prosser
• stevensr_at_wsu.edu

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What Fertilizer Should I Use?

• Well that depends!!!!!!!!!!

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Starting Points

• You have determined what plant nutrient your
  vines need.

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Starting Points

• You have determined what plant nutrient your
  vines need.
• Once in the plant where it is needed ions from
  all sources are equal.

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Starting Points

• You have determined what plant nutrient your
  vines need.
• Once in the plant part where needed ions from all
  sources are equal.
• Goal in selection of WHAT is to have nutrients in
  adequate concentration at the plant part at
  the right time.

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The How the When Affects the What
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The How the When Affects the What

• How
• Soil application
• Water application drip
• Foliar spray

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The How the When Affects the What

• When
• Planning for future crop needs
• Soil test plant analysis
• Crop management history
• Responding to real perceived needs
• Growth patterns
• Visual symptoms
• In-season plant analysis

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The How and the When Affects the What

• The bottom line is time from application to
  plant availability.

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Vineyard
Organic
Conventional
Other
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Vineyard
Organic
Conventional
Other
Soil Maintenance
Plant Response
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Conventional Vineyards

• Drip Irrigation
• Product solubility
• Product compatibility with irrigation water
• pH
• Salts
• Specific ion concentration (Ca, HCO3- )

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Conventional Vineyard

• Soil applied inorganic sources
• Product reaction with soil chemistry
• Application method
• Broadcast
• Area covered
• Incorporation
• Band

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Organic Vineyards

• Must meet organic certification criteria

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Organic Sources

• Crop residues (cover crops)
• Manures
• Compost
• Other sources

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Organic Sources Whats Available

• Quality
• Nutrient value
• CN ratio
• Maturity of compost
• Type of manure
• Transportation costs

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5/13/03
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52 lbs N/Ac incorporated with clover tops
5/13/03
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CN Ratio of Cover Crops

• Cover Crop

• CN Ratio

• Small grain
• Vetch
• Clover

• Research Commercial
• 32 29
• 13 16
• 17 20
• K Bair

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Organic Sources Nutrient Availability

• Distribution
• Soil contact
• Soil Microbial activity
• Warm soil
• Moist soil

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Soil NO3-N vs. Temperature
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All Compost is not created equal
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Compost Considerations

• Changes in composted material will impact final
  compost quality
• Compost analysis may change over time
• More mature compost slower N release

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Vineyard Nutrient Management Challenges

• Deficit Irrigation
• Where is the nutrient?
• Where is the water?
• Dry Spring soil moisture

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Nutrient Source Management

• Have a PLAN
• Monitor the results
• Site specific
• Make adjustments gradually over time

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Nutrient Source Management

• Have a PLAN
• Monitor the results
• Site specific
• Make adjustments gradually over time
• Sustainable practices maintain soil quality and
  optimize vineyard management goals.

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