The Challenge of Change Conference 2003 Session 4

1
The Challenge of Change Conference 2003 - Session
4

• The Effects of the Animal By-Products Legislation
  in Scotland
• by
• Alistair Lamont

2
EU Animal By-Products Directive and Amendments

• Regulation (EC) No 1774/2003, 3rd Oct 2002.
• Amendments No 808/2003, 809/2003, 810/2003,
  811/2003, 812/2003, 813/2003 all of 12th May
  2003.
• Defines three categories of waste

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Category 1

• Comprises
• Body parts of animals infected or suspected of
  being infected with a TSE (Transmissible
  Spongiform Encephalopathy)
• Zoo, circus and experimental animals
• Specified risk material
• Disposal
• Approved incineration plant
• Approved processing plant, where material will be
  permanently marked and then incinerated
• Rendering then landfill or incineration

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Category 2

• Comprises
• Body parts of Animals with diseases other than a
  TSE
• Animals slaughtered, not for human consumption
• Manure and Digestive tract contents
• Disposal
• Incineration or rendering followed by
  incineration
• Rendering (133oC / 3 bar pressure / 20 minutes)
  followed by landfill, composting or biogas
• For fish, ensiling or composting
• For digestive tract contents and manure,
  composting or biogas

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Category 3

• Comprises
• Material fit for human consumption
• Parts of slaughtered animals showing no signs of
  communicable disease
• Former foodstuffs of animal origin
• Fish by-products from fishmeal or products for
  human consumption
• Blood from disease free animals
• Some catering waste

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Category 3 continued

• Disposal
• Incineration
• Processed then incineration or landfill
• Transformed in an approved Biogas plant
• Transformed in an approved Composting plant
• Used as raw material in a pet food plant
• Material of fish origin can be ensiled or
  composted
• Catering waste may be composted

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Animal By-Products Directive - Composting
Category 3 material

• Criteria required
• Maximum feedstock particle size, 12mm
• Closed vessel system
• installations for monitoring temperature against
  time
• recording devices to record these measurements
• 70oC for 1 hour
• Complete and comprehensive record keeping
• HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
  Point) plan

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Animal By-Products Directive - Composting
category 3 material

• Analysis required
• Each composting site must have its own laboratory
  or make use of an external laboratory
• Laboratories must be approved
• Testing of compost for Salmonella must be absent
  in samples of 25g
• Testing of Compost for Enterobacteriaceae must be
  less than 10 colonies in 1g.
• Testing methods not prescribed in EU Directive

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Animal By-Products Regulations

• Effective in Scotland from 1st October 2003 -
  Scottish Statutory Instrument 2003 No.411
• Additional requirements to the EU Directive
• Mammalian blood restriction. May be landfilled
  until end of 2004 but thereafter to be autoclaved
  to a temperature of 133oC at 3 bar pressure using
  steam for 20 minutes
• Includes Catering Waste
• Specifies testing methods

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Catering Waste

• All waste food (including used cooking oil)
  originating in restaurants, catering facilities
  and kitchens including central kitchens and
  household kitchens
• Included in the Animal By-Products Regulations in
  advance of the European Union directive on
  Biowaste and Catering Waste.
• Legislation is due by the end of 2004
• In some ways anticipates this legislation

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Catering Waste

• Can be composted
• Is classified as meat-excludedor meat not
  excluded catering waste
• Meat not excluded catering waste must be
  composted in a 2 stage process
• First stage must be in a closed vessel
• 60oC for 2 days
• Second stage does not require to be enclosed
• Requirement for testing for Salmonella only

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Defra guidance notes

• Guidance notes available on the treatment of
  Animal By-Products in Composting or Biogas plants
• State that the required temperature of 70oC for 1
  hour should principally be achieved as part of
  the composting process and External heat
  addition can only be accepted if it is not the
  primary source of heat generation

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Defra Guidance Notes

• Frequency of tests on compost batches is every
  batch must be tested until 30 consecutive batches
  have passed
• Requirement for clean and unclean area in a
  composting plant to be separated by a physical
  barrier
• Green waste mixed with any Catering Waste must be
  considered Catering Waste and treated accordingly

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HACCP

• Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
• System that identifies and evaluates and controls
  hazards which are significant for product safety
• Critical control points (CCPs) allow the risk
  from specific hazards to be reduced to an
  acceptable level
• Systematic, objective and documented

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BSI PAS100

• Currently only recognised standard for compost.
• Extensive process control required
• Specification for sanitisation and stabilisation
• Compost quality requirements
• Compost sampling and analysis required

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Who Controls What?

• State Veterinary Service (SVS)
• Responsible for enforcing the Animal-By Products
  Regulations
• Grants approvals for composting facilities (and
  other approved plants) which accept ABP and
  Catering Wastes
• Application form and Guidance is available from
  DEFRA but not (as yet) from Scottish Executive.

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Who Controls What? (continued)

• Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)
• Grants Site Licences or Exemptions for all Waste
  Sites, including Composting Facilities
• Site licence required if not meeting exemption
  status
• i.e. Compost produced on site where waste
  generated or compost used on site, where it is
  produced
• Limited to 1000m3 per annum
• Exemptions currently under review (Consultation
  2003/19) and proposals to reduce exemption limits

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Who Controls What? (continued)

• Local Authority Environmental Health Dept
• Will carry out routine inspections of Animal
  By-Products and Catering Waste Sites
• Support SVS in enforcing regulations
• Are they aware of this yet?

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Effects of ABP Regulations

• Moves by Local Authorities to obtain funding from
  the Strategic Waste Fund to meet the Area and
  National Waste Plans
• Introduce Kerbside Collection of
• Green i.e. Garden Waste - Not affected
• Kitchen Waste (Catering Waste) - Subject to ABP
  and Catering Waste Regulations therefore requires
  in-vessel composting or Autoclaving
• Investment in an In-vessel Composting Plant
• Approx 1m / 10 000 tonnes / annum

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Effects of ABP Regulations

• Commercial Wastes are most affected
• Slaughterhouse wastes
• Waste food from Supermarkets
• Waste from Butchers / Fishmongers etc.
• Waste from Hotels / Restaurants / Fast food
  Outlets
• Waste from Food Processing Plants

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Disposal Options

• Various Transitional measures
• Until 31 December 2003, feeding of processed
  animal protein from all fish to farmed fish
• Until 31 December 2004
• rendering of mammalian blood at atmospheric
  pressure
• use of small incinerators not burning specified
  risk material
• Until 31 December 2005 Former foodstuffs (meat
  excluded) can be sent to landfill

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Summary

• ABP Regulations have a big impact on Waste
  Management in Scotland
• Much change is needed with large investment into
  new systems and processes
• Steep learning curve for everyone involved