AREA OF STUDY: ORCHESTRAL LANDMARKS

1
AREA OF STUDYORCHESTRAL LANDMARKS

• GCSE AQA MUSIC

2
Name the 4 orchestral periods which you must
know, and give their approximate date lines

• Classical from 1750 to 1800
• Late Classical- from 1800 to 1830
• Romantic from 1830 to 1900
• 20th Century from 1900 onwards

3
The Orchestral Families

• The 4 orchestral families are
• Strings
• Woodwind
• Brass
• Percussion

4
Stringed instruments are

• Violin
• Viola
• Cello
• Double bass

5
Woodwind instruments are

• Piccolo
• Flute
• Clarinet
• Oboe
• Cor anglais
• Bassoon
• Saxophone
• Recorder

6
Brass instruments are

• French Horn
• Trumpet
• Trombone
• Tuba

7
Percussion instruments are

• Tuned
• Glockenspiel
• Xylophone
• Vibraslap
• Celesta
• Tubular bells
• Timpani

• Untuned
• Triangle
• Tamborine
• Bass drum
• Snare drum
• Castanets
• Wooden blocks
• Gongs
• Tom toms
• Cymbals
• Bongos
• Maracas
• Congas

8
The Classical Period

• Composers are Haydn and Mozart
• Haydn is the Father of the Symphony
• Music has balanced phrases and clear structures
• Mainly Major and minor tones
• Large string family with Brass for support

9
The Late Classical Period

• Composers are Haydn and Beethoven
• Music contains large string orchestra, with
  brass, piano and woodwind sections added in
• Beethoven introduced Programme music which is
  music to create an image or story to the music
• He used a greater range of dynamics along with
  Major and minor tonalities

10
The Romantic Period

• Composers are Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Wagner and
  Liszt
• Most wrote music for the Ballet
• Schubert was the Father of the Lied, meaning
  the popular song
• Music has lots of new instruments, irregular
  timings, long sweeping phrases and a much larger
  orchestra

11
The 20th Century Period

• Composers are Britten, Stravinsky, Schoenberg
• Music contains atonal sounds, dissonance, very
  large orchestras, variety in dynamics timbre,
  and hemiolas which are containing 2 different
  metre lengths
• Electronic digital instruments were brought
  into the orchestra