Energy Basics

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Energy Basics
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Energy Makes Everything Happen

• You eat food???????? Food provides the energy
  to work
• A car drives ??????Gasoline provides the
  power

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Energy is divided into two types

• Depends on whether the energy is moving or stored

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Types of Energy

• Energy that is stored
• Potential Energy
• Energy that is moving
• Kinetic Energy

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Examples of Kinetic and Potential Energy

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Units of Energy Measurement

• British Thermal Unit (BTU)
• Joule (J)

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BTUThe amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of one pound of water by 1oF

• 1 Btu equals about
• One kitchen match
• 1000 Btu equals about
• 1 avg candy bar
• 4/5 peanut butter jelly sandwich
• 2000 Btu equals about
• the amount of energy to make a pot of coffee

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Joule948 joules 1 Btu

• It takes about 2 million joules to make a pot of
  coffee
• 1 joule is the amount of energy needed to lift
  one pound about 9 inches

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Kilojoule (kJ)1000 j 1 kJA piece of buttered
toast contains about 315 kJ of energy. With that
energy you could

• Jog for 6 min.
• Bicycle for 10 min
• Sleep for 1.5 hrs
• Run a car at 50 mph for 7 seconds
• Light a 60 watt light bulb for 1.5 hrs

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Energy cannot be created or destroyed

• Enery can only be changed from one form into
  another form of energy

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Some Energy Interconversions

• Stored energy in a flashlights batteries becomes
  light energy when turned on
• Food contains energy stored as chemical potential
  energy. Your body uses the stored energy to do
  work.
• Overeating stores food energy as potential energy
  in the form of fat
• When talking on the phone, your voice is changed
  into electrical energy. The phone on the other
  end changes the electrical energy into sound
  energy.

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Categories of Primary Energy

• Energy Income (Renewable resources)
• resources being continuously regenerated
• Energy Capital (Non-renewable)
• use of such resources permanently reduces the
  quantity

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Available Energy Sources

• Non-renewable
• Crude oil
• Natural gas
• Coal
• Nuclear fission
• Synthetic oil

• Renewable
• Hydroelectric energy
• Tidal forces
• Biomass
• Geothermal heat
• Wind
• Solar input
• Ocean thermal gradients

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Global Energy Fluxes
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Primary Energy Consumption

• World consumption has increased more than 10 fold
  in 20th Century
• Causes
• World population grew 2.5 fold
• Increased mechanization in industrialized
  countries

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Historical Trends in Energy Consumption