Clean Renewable Energy'''The Future

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Clean Renewable Energy...The Future
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Carbon-Based Fuels Current Status

• Problems
• Carbon Emissions
• Global Warming
• Dependence
• Peak Oil Theory
• Foreign Involvement
• Middle East

Key Statistics

• Annual U.S. Imports of
  
• crude oil(2008) 4.7 billion barrels
• Oil that ends up in the world oceans annually
  (Est. 2008) 706 million gallons

• Percentage of world electricity supplied by
  oil (2008) 40
• Percentage of world electricity
• Supplied by coal (2008) 20
• Known world oil reserves (Est. 2009) 1.342
  Trillion barrels

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Carbon Based Fuels Possibilities

• Clean Burning Fuels
• Clean burning coal, Myth or Reality
• Natural Gas transitional
• Low Hanging Options
• Energy Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
• Advantages
• Short term solution to peak oil
• Cleaner than oil
• Produced within the U.S.
• Disadvantages
• Not a permanent solution
• Still produces carbon emissions
• Non-renewable

All these short term approaches and solutions
emit greenhouse gases as oil does. The only real
solution is the fastest possible move to a
renewable energy-based economy.
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Nuclear Power

• Nuclear Power- The generation of energy
  through the fission of nuclei. The heat produced
  by the fission turns water to steam which is then
  used to move massive turbines.

• Advantages
• Does not produce significant carbon emissions
• Produced in the U.S.
• Currently the only non-carbon based fuel that
  is viable to supply large quantities of energy

• Nuclear Legacy- The leftovers of nuclear power
  generation. It encompasses past holdings of
  nuclear related industries by companies no longer
  developing nuclear power. It also may include the
  old sites and wastes of past nuclear sites that
  remain to be cleaned up.

• Disadvantages
• Storage of radioactive waste
• Potential for massive disaster

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Clean Renewable Energy

• Renewable Energy- Any Method of producing
  energy by means of renewable resources with
  little or no adverse effect on the surrounding
  environment.

• Produces no environmental harm
• Completely renewable
• Only permanently sustainable form of energy
  production

• Extremely positive outlook
• Current Administration
• 20 billion in direct incentives for renewable
  utilities over the next 10 years
• Cap-and-Trade legislation
• Proposed 80 billion in promotion of upgrades
  in energy efficiency, conservation, and
  transmission

• Impact of Legislation
• Increased cost for fossil fuels
• Decreased cost for renewable energy
• Renewable energy prices will be competitive to
  fossil fuels within 5 years
• Need for national standards to replace state
  and regional ones

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Clean Renewable Energy A Brief History

• Earlier times
• Windmills, River Water Mills, Dams
• Early-Mid Twentieth Century
• Early development of efficient wind and passive
  solar technologies
• 1970s(Oil Embargo)
• After significant stagnation in this sector,
  large amounts of investment are allocated to
  renewable energy
• 1980s
• Ronald Reagan suspends significant funding to
  renewable energy
• 1990 - Current Times
• Investment and interest in renewable energy
  increase at incredible rates. The industry is
  growing at a rate of roughly 25 per year
  domestic and internationally

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Endless Possibilities

• Wind
• Solar
• Biomass
• Geothermal
• Fuel Cells
• Hydropower
• Electric Vehicles

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Wind

• Process
• Giant turbines resembling fans are installed in
  areas of high air flow. Those turbines are then
  spun by the air flow. The energy produced by
  their movement is then transmitted to the local
  power grid.
• Advantages
• Completely renewable
• No carbon emissions
• Low maintenance costs once installed
• Virtually no environmental impact
• Large and Localized development

• Disadvantages
• Economically feasible areas for turbine farms
• Visually unappealing, NIMBY
• Unreliable flow of energy
• Lack of transmission grids

Wind energy will be the first renewable energy
source to competitively compete with the price of
fossil fuels
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Solar

• Process
• Solar Heat is collected through panels located in
  sunny areas. The heat is then used to turn water
  into steam, which may then be used to generate
  electricity to be transferred into the local
  power grid.
• Photovoltaic
• Thermal

• Advantages
• Completely renewable
• No carbon emissions
• Low maintenance costs once installed
• Virtually no environmental impact
• Large and Local development

• Disadvantages
• Unreliable flow of electricity in certain areas
• Challenge to find locations for a large solar
  farms for mass energy production

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Biomass

• Process
• Biomass refers to the combustion of recently-live
  substances for the production of energy. Plants
  ranging from corn to sugar cane, have the ability
  to be burned for fuel in a process similar to the
  burning of fossil fuels. However, while the
  processes for burning both are very similar,
  biomass produces far less environmental damage.

• Advantages
• Easy conversion from fossil fuels
• Reduces the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
• Easily renewable
• Sustainable Sourcing
• Brazilian sugarcane

• Disadvantages
• Aside from carbon, it still produces the same
  pollutants as fossil fuels
• Relatively inefficient
• Expensive to produce
• Land use decreases available land for food
  cultivation, such as corn and reduces crops
  reserved for food consumption

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Geothermal

• Process
• Energy, originating from the creation of the
  planet, decay of radioactive particles, and the
  absorption of sunrays, is trapped below the
  earths surface. By drilling into the earths
  crust and using one of multiple techniques, it is
  possible to extract that energy in the form of
  hot water

• Advantages
• Completely renewable
• Requires very little land area
• Creates no pollution
• Extremely efficient for space heating

• Disadvantages
• High start up costs
• Inefficient for electricity generation
• Applicable development limited by geography

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Fuel Cells

• Process
• A catalyst, such as hydrogen or alcohol, is
  injected into the system and mixed with oxygen
  and an electrolyte. The resulting reaction
  creates an electric current which can then be
  extracted.

• Advantages
• Diverse Uses
• Could possibly be used to replace internal
  combustion engines
• Abundant input sources

• Disadvantages
• Inefficient
• Small scale usage
• Though minimal, still produce carbon emissions
• Still a very new technology
• Lacking an existing Hydrogen
• supply infrastructure

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Hydropower

• Process
• Hydropower comes from the harnessing of water
  movements to turn large turbines which, in turn,
  generate electricity with the energy transferred
  from the water.
• Tidal
• Ocean Current
• Waves
• Dams

• Advantages
• Completely renewable
• Creates no negative emissions
• Diversified sources
• Extremely efficient - Dams

• Disadvantages
• Isolated area of production
• High start-up costs
• Electricity transmission problems
• Environmental impact Dams
• Unknown Environmental impact of new technologies

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Electric Vehicles The next step after Hybrids

• Process
• The cars engine runs on rechargeable electric
  batteries. The engine is significantly different
  from that of a combustion engine as it is
  comprised of mainly electrical components
  resembling those of a computer rather than the
  mechanical components of the combustion engine.

• Battery Technologies
• Electric car engines run off battery power. The
  battery is charged while car is parked and allows
  the vehicle to be driven.
• Lead-acid
• Lithium-ion
• Nickel metal hydride

• Benefits
• No emissions
• High Efficiency
• Negligible maintenance and energy costs

• Obstacles
• Limited driving range
• High priced Battery cost
• Long charge time

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Annual Investment in Renewable Energy, 1995-2007
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2009-2010 International Clean Renewable Energy
Stimulus Proposals
Region/Country Total Stimulus() Green
Stimulus() United States 972 Billion
112.3 Billion Canada
31.8 Billion 2.6 Billion EU
325.5 Billion
54.2 Billion South Korea 38 Billion
30.7 Billion Japan
485.9 Billion 12.4
Billion China 586 Billion
221.3 Billion Other
356.8 Billion 2.8 Billion
ff Total 2,796 Billion
436.3 Billion
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Investing in Clean Renewable Energy

• Short Long term trends
• Increasing price of oil
• When oil prices increase, renewable energy
  stocks make gains
• Growth private investment and public subsidies
  in renewable energy
• Price of renewable energy will compete with
  that of fossil fuels within next 5 years
• Increased market share for renewable energy
• Renewable energy sector has outperformed the SP
  and DJIA this year

• Range of available investments
• Stocks
• Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
• Mutual funds
• Fee-Based Accounts

Investing in the clean renewable energy should
be profitable due to the sustained, long term
growth of this sector, but should be considered
as only a part of the Growth investments of your
overall portfolio
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Closing Thoughts

• Increasing costs of fossil fuel
• Global Climate Change Awareness
• Peak Oil Theory
• Cap and Trade Legislation
• Costs of pollution
• Decreasing costs of renewable sources
• New research
• Added efficiency
• Subsidization
• Large scale usage

• Drawbacks and Challenges of Renewable Energy
• Current high costs and lack of private money
  available
• Unpredictability of a new industry
• Conversion Costs
• Infrastructure modifications
• Political and Commercial Resistance

• Advantages of Renewable Energy
• Cleaner, healthier planet
• Sustainable society
• Eventual Lower, more predictable energy costs