P1253297744XMulc

1
(No Transcript)
2
Dec, 26, 2004, 0758
3
Morning After Christmas
4
(No Transcript)
5
Andaman Coast, Thailand
6
First Indicator

• Read the shake

7
DEC. 26

• faint

• low frequency

• coming from West

8
LOW FREQUENCY
Doppler effect
9
Doppler Effect
10
Doppler Effect
11
LOW FREQUENCY
Doppler effect
Quake was a long way off
If I was feeling it, shake was massive
Coming from the sea
12
(No Transcript)
13
My first thought almost two hours out
TSUNAMI
14
I found the USGS Shake report at 0814.
Epicenter 125 milesWest of Sumatra
15
Earthquake can generate Tsunami
Before earthquake
Earthquake occurs.Faulting pushes ocean up.
Tsunami generatedWaves move outward.
Tsunami wave height grows towards shore.
16
Those poor folks in Banda Aceh
As soon as the last brick stops falling, the
Tsunami will hit.
17
But nobody listened,the rest is history.
18
Andaman fault slipped up to 30 meters
19
for 1,200 kilometers
Huge bubble of energy moving at sub-sonic speed
20
Ships at sea dont feel a Tsunami passing
underneath.
21
Wave is 300 - 500K thick
Only decimeters high
22
Why are some beaches left untouched
23
While other are totally devastated by the same
event?
24
ON-SHORE FACTORS
Volume 30M X 1,200 K wedge shaped
Speed
Direction
25
Tidal level
26
Underwater topography
27
Beach topography
28
Elevation above sea level
29
PATONG
30
Deep water mid-Bay
31
Sloping beach
32
Set-back
33
Trees and seawall
34
Solid row of strong building on beach road
35
Basement tragedies
36
Sois
37
Mud-flats
38
Flat valley floor to beach
39
Building on high land escape damage
40
High land on either side Graphic
41
Typical inundation
42
Shallow sea bed
43
Low-lying land
44
KHAO LAK
45
Low Lying Beach
46
Alluvial Flow / Hundreds of tsunami created
coastal flatlands
47
High Tide
48
Unprotected west facing beach
49
Flat seabed sloping very gradually, almost no
angle to beach and beyond.
50
Hundreds of kilometers of waterapproaches at
sub-sonic speed.
51
Piles up on beach
Incessant flood keeps on coming
Piles up on beach
Incessant flood keeps on coming
52
Approaching water pile ups as it slows
53
Water elevates to 11.6 M in Khao Lak.
54
Any land lower than 11.6 M above sea level was
subject to inundation.
55
813 anchored 1-2 K offshore just beyond mud bank
56
where Tsunami began to crest

• Side-by-side w sister ship

• Sister ship broached, broke anchor,
  log-rolled

• 813 held straight, but wave broke over bow
  and all hands above decked washed over

• Breaks anchor, broaches, wild ride to
  rubber plantation

57
The power of water
58
813 ran sideways 3K in 11M tsunami
59
Until its 2M keel hit bottom.
60
La Flora resort
61
Water elevates to 11.6 M in Khao Lak.
62
La Flora
Only reinforced concrete on Khao Lak beach
Intelligent GM
280 people on roof
80 people ignore warning and die
63
Baan Nam Kem
64
Baan Nam Kem
Elevation 0
65
Baan Nam KemHigh Dry - Forever
66
Ocean wide TsunamiChile - 1960 Hilo
Piles up on beach
Incessant flood keeps on coming
67
Early Warning Solutions

• Personal Experience

• Shake reports

• Receding water

Run for high ground

• Climb a tree, cliff, rocks, re-enforce concrete
  building

68
If people listen with their feet
69
High tech nice but not necessary

• if Banda Aceh used telephone tree

• called Penang, who called Phuket, etc.

• Tie in with Shake Reports

• if people listened to their feet

• if people know about retreating waters

• if people have Tsunami awareness

• Very Few Fatalities

EARLY WARNING
70
KAMALA / LAYAN BEACH

• Natural Indicators

• Feel the ground shake

• Receding water 20 minutes warning

• Run for high ground

• Climb a tree

• High on reinforced concrete building

• In deep water, boats go out to sea

71
Piles up on beach
Incessant flood keeps on coming
72
Modern Man has lost touch with Nature
A Fatal Mistake in More Ways than One.
73
(No Transcript)