Warfare in the Bronze Age and Iron Age

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Warfare in the Bronze Age and Iron Age
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Elements of Warfare

• Weapons
• Armor
• Helmets
• Shields
• Chariots
• Formations
• Achilles fights Memnon over body of Antilochus,
  BF Amphora c.500 b.c.

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Homeric Warfare

• Bronze Age (Mycenaean) Reality?
• Iron Age Reality?

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Evaluating Authenticity of Troy

• Hollywood version of
• Mycenaean Age or
• Dark Age or
• amalgamation of both?

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Weapons for Achilles

• Pyrrha among the women of Scyros
• Poussin

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Divine Armour

• Achilles
• Thetis
• Hephaestus (Vulcan)
• Benjamin West

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The Bow

• Philoctetes the bow of Herakles
• Paris the Death of Achilles

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LHI Armor

• Shoulder guard,
• Dendra
• Signet Ring,
• Thisbe, Boeotia
• Perishable Cuirass?

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LHII

• Bronze Armor from Dendra Chamber Tomb
• Charioteer or Foot Soldier?
• Boars Tusk Helmet

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LHIIIA-B

• Thebes
• Cuirass
• solid bronze
• stitched sheets

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LHIIIA-B Variation, Innovation or Continuity?

• Mycenae

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LHIIIA-B Armor Reconstructions
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Linear B Armor Ideograms

• Knossos
• LHIIIA
• Pylos
• LHIIIB2

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Helmets EBA Cyclades
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Boars Tusk Helmets

• Theran fresco
• MH helmet from Kolonna, Aegina

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MH, LHI LHII Helmet Styles
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Full Body Shields Figure-of-Eight Tower

• Lion Hunt Dagger Gold Ring
• Shaft Grave IV, Mycenae

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Figure-of-Eight Shield FrescosTiryns Palace
Mycenae Cult Center

• Goat Hide
• Central Boss

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Tower Shield

• Akrotiri, Thera
• Telamonian Ajax
• Body Shield diminishing popularity over time as
  bronze becomes more common?

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Other Shield Types?

• LHIIIC Pictorial Style Krater
• Warrior Vase, House at Mycenae
• Note Smaller Shields
• Eastern Influence?
• Sea Peoples?

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The Round Shield

• Pylos fresco LHIIIB
• Tiryns Kraters LHIIIC

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Proto-Dipylon Shield?

• Stone sculpture
• Mycenae,
• probably LHIIIC
• Geometric (Iron Age) Dipylon Cemetery

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Weapons

• Daggers
• Cut and Thrust Swords

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Archery, Spears Javelins

• Bronze Chert arrowheads from Mycenaean sites
• Archery in Iliad Odyssey

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Chariot Warfare

• Transport or Fighting Platform?

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Battle formations?

• Individual Combat
• Serried Ranks? (Myrmidons)
• Phalanx a later development

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Iron Age Armor