Traumatic Brain Injury TBI

1
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

• Presented to you by
• Seth Carlson (Francis)

2
A Definition

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been defined as
  an injury to the brain resulting from an external
  mechanical force, which may lead to significant
  impairment in the individuals physical,
  cognitive, and psychosocial functioning.
• Can result from a closed-head injury or a
  penetrating-head injury.
• Just a Tangent
• Did you know?
• -The mature human brain consumes
  20-25 of
• the energy used by the body. 1
• -For infants, the brain
  consumes 60 of the bodies energy! 2
• 1 2. Courtesy of www.wikipedia.com

3
Characteristics

• Depending on the severity and location of the
  TBI, one may experience the following
• Unconsciousness
• Headache
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Sensory problems i.e. blurred vision, ringing in
  the ears or a bad taste in the mouth
• Vomiting or nausea
• Slurred speech
• Agitation
• Mood changes
• Memory or concentration problems
• Slow pulse
• Lethargy
• Body numbness or tingling
• Loss of bowel control or bladder control
• Respiratory complications
• Paralysis
• Coma

4
Prevalence

• An estimated 1.5 million Americans are affected
  by a TBI each year (2 of the population). 1
• Ranging from mild concussion to Vegetative State
  (VS).
• Concussions account for about 75. 2
• Alcohol use is associated with half of all TBIs
• Leading cause of death and disability among
  children and adolescents in America. 3
• Dominant age groups
• 15-19
• gt 75
• Gender
• Males 1.5x likely

5
Leading Causes

• Motor vehicle accidents
• Falls
• Violence/Shootings

6
Our Brain

• Our brain, as we know it
• Predominately the most important organ,
  regulating virtually all human activity
• Part of the central nervous system
• Fragile (handle with care)
• Anatomically Segmented into parts that perform
  different functions!
• Do you know a few???
• Frontal Lobes
• Answer Motor functions ,higher order functions,
  planning, reasoning, judgment, impulse control,
  memory
• Parietal Lobes
• Answer Cognition, information processing, pain
  and touch sensation, spatial orientation, speech
  visual perception
• Occipital Lobes

7
Types

• Intracranial (Closed head)
• In many cases, there is an accumulation of blood,
  putting pressure on the brain (Hematoma)
• PressureDamage

• Penetrating Object pierces the skull
• This occurs when a projectile i.e. bullet or
  knife punctures the skull damaging the contents
  inside
• http//www.tbirecoverycenter.org/whatis.htm