Affirmative Action in Higher Education

1
Affirmative Action in Higher Education

• A Case Study of the Effects the Courts Have Had
  on the Admissions Processes of Higher Education
  Institutions.

2
Comparison of Candidates

• 3.8 GPA 3.0 GPA
• 25 ACT 22 ACT
• 22 of 332 100 of 305
• White Male Minority
• (Gratz v. Bollinger U of Michigan)

3
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke
(1978)

• University of California at Davis
• Medical School Admissions
• Admissions Policy
• Special/Regular Admissions
• Case Background
• Road to the Supreme Court
• Supreme Court Division

4
Hopwood v. Texas (1996)

• University of Texas at Austin
• Law School Admissions
• Admissions Policy
• Categories of Admission
• TI Ranges
• Additional Segregation
• Case Background
• Road to the Supreme Court
• Texas Reaction

5
The Michigan CasesGrattz v. Bollinger

• University of Michigan
• College of Literature, Science, and Art
  Admissions
• Admissions Policy
• Case Background
• Road to the Supreme Court Decision

6
The Michigan CasesGrutter v. Bollinger

• University of Michigan
• Law School Admissions
• Admissions Policy
• Case Background
• Road to the Supreme Court Decision
• Justice Clarence Thomas Dissent on Quotas

7
Michigan University Prepares Its Defense

• Team of Scholars Compiled
• Study Conducted
• Results of Study

8
Alternatives to Affirmative Action

• One Florida Initiative
• Jeb Bushs Percentage Plan For Diversity in
  Higher Education
• The Implementation
• The Success of the Plan
• Other States Follow

9
Conclusions

• How Have Admissions Been Shaped by the Courts?
• What Can the Courts Expect for the Future?
• Will Affirmative Action be needed 25 Years from
  now?