Leilei LIu

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Promoting Public Transport Development for China
Cities
Leilei LIu China Academy of Transportation
Sciences, Ministry of Communications December,
2006
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Contents

• New Stage, New Requirements
• Objectives and Approaches
• Perspectives

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• 1. New Stage, New Requirements

• Well-off Society

• 16th Party Congress

• by 2010, per capita GDP double than 2000
• Energy Consumption per GDP reduce by 20
  compared with 2005

• Eleventh-five Year Plan

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• 1. New Stage, New Requirements

Transport Demand Average annual increase of
vehicle traveling 1998-2020 9.0
Motorization Civil Vehicles 13, 130
mil Private Vehicles 23, 80 mil
Urbanization 1978 17.9 2005 42.5 2020 57.0
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1.1 Improve Transport capacity to Meet the
Demands of Socio-economic Development
Beijing 40 commuters travel by more than 1 hour
each day Economic loss caused by traffic
congestion 40 million Yuan Shanghai in
2003,economic loss caused by traffic congestion
1/3 of GDP
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1.2 Improve Transport Service Quality to Meet the
Demands of Passengers and Good Owners

• past 20 years

• future 20 years

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1.2 Improve Transport Service Quality to Meet the
Demands of Passengers and Good Owners

• Multiple passenger transport demands

• convenient, comfortable, safe, low cost,
  zero-distance transfer

• Logistics

• fast, reliable, economical

• proportion of logistics cost to GDP

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1.3 Satisfy the Social Equitytransport for the
public

• The majority does not own Motor Vehicles

36 owing bicycles (2002)
99.55 without motor vehicles (2004)

• The disadvantaged (the elders, the disabled,
  children), about 500 million

• 80 urban infrastructure investment used in road
  construction

• Beijing, Tenth-five year plan, road construction
  to public transport 82

• Social Equity ?

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1.4 Improve the Energy Efficiency

• In 2003, global economic loss caused by oil
  price increase
• 5.400 billion

• China the 2nd oil consumer and the 3rd oil
  import country.

In 2005,oil consumption in China reaching 300
million tons, 40 from import

• 1/3 consumed by the transport industry, and the
  proportion will reach 57 in 2020

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1.5 Harmony Between Transport Environment

• 7 China cities are in the list of
  seriously-polluted cities in the world

• China, the second emitter of CO2 in the world

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Challenges

• China is now facing serious challenges of
• Political incentives for local leadership to
  integrated urban transportation
• Demand-based strategies
• Financial Guarantee
• Social Equity
• Segmented management system

• ??? ???--?????

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• Challenges and Opportunities Co-exist

• The coming 20 years is a unique opportunity for
  China to develop and implement SUT strategy
  before irrational motorization, to take earlier
  action to avoid mistakes made by other countries.

• Society sustainability, financial
  sustainability, environmental sustainability and
  institutional sustainability

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• Country basedSustainable?

Private car

• Energy Consume
• Green house Gas
• Land Occupy

USA 764 cars/1000
Subway
Japan

• Large Capacity
• High Cost

Railway
Europe Dense city, Regional transportation
Public Transportation

• Convenient,
• Green, Equality

Non-motor travel
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2. Strategy objectives

• Strategic Objectives

• One Integrated System, Three Satisfactions

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3. Objectives Integrated urban transport system
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3. Implementation Approach
3.1 Institutional Measures

• Integrate transport administration and management
  for all modes by One city one transport
  authority
• Identify coherent policies and strategies
• Establish short and medium term targets,
  monitoring and evaluation criteria
• Promote innovative solutions and share knowledge
• Unify urban transport management structures
  
• Enforcement, infrastructure, traffic
  control, public transport operations.

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One city one transport authority modal Eg.
Chengdu
Bureau of Communications Highway Suburban
public transport

• Public civil bureau
• Public transport
• Taxi management
• Bus operation route
• Marketing management

• Highway and city road
• Public Transport
• Regulation and rule
• Planning
• Logistics Industry
• Security and supervision

Bureau of Communications of Chengdu

• Public security bureau
• Road plan and design
• Parking management
• Traffic safety management

One administration authority Planning and
implementation Management, Construction and
Enforcement

• Economic and Trade Commission
• Multi-modal transport coordinating
• Special railway line management
• Logistics Iindustry

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3.2 Economic Instruments

• 1 Enlarging the Investment on Urban Public
  Transport
• Governmental Input a major source of urban
  public transport investment
• Beijing subsides for bus companies 0.8-1
  billion Yuan,1.5 of the urban budget, other
  cities more less
• In 2006, surveys were conducted in 117 public
  transport operators, 42 did not receive
  governmental subsides
• While in Berlin, 57 operation cost covered by
  government
• in Washington, 66.1
• in Paris, 57.5

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3.2 Economic Instruments

• 1 Enlarging the Investment on Urban Public
  Transport
• Local government should invest more money on
  urban public transport
• Hangzhou and Kunming extract a certain
  proportion of urban land value, urban maintenance
  and construction fund, public affairs super fees
  to urban public transport
• Multiple Investment channels
• Social capitals involved in the construction and
  operation by means of joint venture, cooperation,
  and consigning operation

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3.2 Economic Instruments

• 2 Establishing compensation mechanism for low
  ticket prices
• Achieve rational price ratio between different
  transport modes
• Optimize management systems on public transport
  ticketing
• Governmental subsides to commutation ticket and
  the favorable ticket prices targeting the old and
  the disadvantaged

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3.2 Economic Instruments

• 3 Fulfill the fuel oil subsidies and other
  special subsides
• Special subsides for oil-to-gas, introduction of
  new technologies, new instruments and information
  construction required by the government
• Special subsides for the added cost by
  undertaking public beneficial services and
  governmental orders

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3.2 Economic Instruments

• 4 Team building
• Improve the working conditions and living
  standards of employees of the public transport
  enterprises
• Ensure the labor insurances and other social
  wellbeing
• Conduct training programs on drivers and booking
  clerks to improve the service quality

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3.3 Technical Innovation and Application

• Technologies for rail transit and BRT system
• optimization of transport planning technologies
• ITS application

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3.4 Public Participation

• Conduct campaigns such as public transport week
  and car-free day and raise public awareness of
  environmental friendly transport
• by December 1,2006, 70 cities in China
  including Beijing, Tianjing, Chongqing, Hangzhou,
  Shenzhen, Nanjing, Nanning, and Zhengzhou
• Strengthen the participation and dissemination of
  the media
• Regulations making for ensuring the public
  participation

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4?Perspectives

• Construct an urban public transport system with
  mass transit as the backbone, buses and trams as
  the major transport modes, and taxis and other
  transport modes as supplement
• Achieve a harmonious development between
  transport and land use
• Promote the balanced and rational use of motor
  vehicles by means of public transport priorities
  and a series of measures concerning transport
  demand management

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4?Perspectives

• Construct the special system for bicycles
  gradually and reestablish a quiet, comfortable
  and safe transport systems for walking
• Realize rational control on transport pollution,
  improvement of transport environmental quality
  and the reduction of energy consumption

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Vision
China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center
To apply innovative transport solutions which
fully integrate high-priority public transport,
land use and mobility management to promote
sustainable urban transport for benefit of
Chinese citizens.
To be an international center of excellence for
sustainable transport in high growth cities.
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www.urbansustrans.cn
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Thank you !
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The process also causes a range of urban
transport problems

• 1. New Stage, New Requirements