Announcements

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Announcements

• Last week of classes
• What you can do this week
• Auto Efficiency
• What is the Gross vehicle weight of the vehicle
  you most frequently use?
• What is it for a new Chinese car?
• SmartforTwo the new Daimler AG hybrid
• What is the solar capacity or your home?
• CA Energy Comm. Solar rebates
• Poop to Power Check out the Straus Family Farm
• Energy Efficiency hot water on demand?
• Teams needing points
• San Diego (3)
• SLO Moes, SF, Martinez, Alaska (1)

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U.S. Energy Flow, 1999
USE
SUPPLY
Quantities in BTUs.
Important point
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Viewpoint 1 The world is running out of oil
Peak Oil perspective
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View 2 Much of the world is underlain with some
kind of recoverable petroleum. It just gets more
difficult and more expensive, so until we
actually encounter a situation where supply is
not meeting demand, we wont develop these
resources
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An estimated 50 of global energy is used
retrieving, processing, refining and then moving
energy sources to the end user. When you decrease
oil usage, you save twice.
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Bloombergs reports crude oil to be selling at
89.00 on Dec. 4, 2007
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The domestic production gap widens
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Fig. 19.1
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We are moving away from energy intensive
manufacturing
An increasing share of our energy consumption is
in personal use
Hope for solar?
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Per Capita Energy Use and GNP
Important point
The US could improve inefficiency
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Energy Use

• General trend higher energy use correlates with
  a higher standard of living
• In an average year, each person in the U.S. and
  Canada consumes more than 300 times the amount of
  energy consumed by a person in one of the poorest
  countries of the world.
• Several European countries have higher standards
  of living than the U.S. does, yet they use about
  half as much energy.

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How We Use Energy
Worldwide commercial energy sources
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China--------
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Energy Conservation
Hybrid gas-electric automobile
ENN Top Stories, Dec. 5, 2007 61 mpg
unleaded 98 mpg diesel.
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Fuel Cells

• Fuel cells - use ongoing electrochemical
  reactions to produce an electrical current
• Clean
• Downside?

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• FUEL CELL FACTS.
• H2 is a combustible gas and can be carried in
  tank or in high methane fuels (methane).
• Fuel cell vehicles, burning H2, emit no
  pollutants (exhaust is H20).
• Packaging a fuel cell requires energy. At
  present, the only efficient way to do this is
  with conventional power plants.

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U.S. Energy Flow, 1999
USE
SUPPLY
Quantities in BTUs.
Important point
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Alternative Energies to Fossil Fuel and Nuclear
7.6 of US energy comes from alternative
renewable sources
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Biomass
Currently, 80 of worlds renewable energy comes
from biomass

• Using biomass directly as fuel wood, charcoal,
  dung, other plant waste
• Creating liquid fuel from biomass distilling
  ethanol from starches and sugar
• Using a combination of ethanol and plant oils
  (biodiesel)
• Methane as a by-product of living organisms

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Fuelwood Crisis in Less-Developed Countries

• About 40 of the worlds population depends on
  firewood and charcoal as their primary energy
  source.
• Supplies diminishing
• Half of all wood harvested worldwide is used as
  fuel.

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Using Methane as Fuel
Check our Straus Family Creamery.
www.strausmilk.com poop to power
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BIOFUELS

• Value depends on what is used and how it is
  manufactured.
• Pimentel argues (in textbook) that it costs more
  in conventional fuel to produce biofuel than is
  returned out of biofuel. Others disagree.
  Nevertheless, a lot of energy input is required
  to produce biofuel.

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Energy from the Earths Forces
Hydropower

• 2nd largest source of renewable energy
• Water power produces 17 of the worlds
  electricity.
• Clean, renewable energy
• Dams - social and ecological damage

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Hydroelectric

• We may be near capacity on hydroelectric.
• Not many new facilities going in.
• Smaller facilities being decommissioned

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Wind Energy
The fastest growing source of renewable energy

• Wind power - advantages and disadvantages
• Wind farms - potential Great Plains, seacoasts

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Wind
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Geothermal Energy
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Solar Energy

• Photosynthesis
• Passive solar heat
• Active solar heat

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High-Temperature Solar Energy

• Mojave Desert
• Parabolic mirrors
• Direct heating of water, oil or other material
• Not passive, but also not photovoltaic

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Photovoltaic cells
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Solar

• For utilities Not generally commercially viable,
  yet, but close
• Individuals Several advantages that can make it
  worthwhile.
• Reverse metering
• Regulatory help on energy monopoly
• Tax incentives for installation and financing
• Pays in 10-20 years

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Some sources are growing rapidly
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Costs for alternative and renewable energy
sources have dropped in recent years.
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Viewpoint 1 The world is running out of oil
Peak Oil perspective
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balancing the energy budget

• Reduce consumption
• Energy efficient buildings, etc
• Low energy industries
• Individual behavior (increase costs tax)
• Produce more
• Develop available oil fields
• Develop new nuclear power
• Develop alternative energy sources

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Domestic Energy Efficiency
Earth-sheltered house in Taos, New Mexico
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An Alternative Energy Future? Can we get here?
Many solutions, locally applied