SelfKnowledge

1
Self-Knowledge

• Chapter 5

2
Self-Concept/Awareness

• Rouge on nose test (people gt18 mons to 2, chimps,
  dolphins)
• Who am I? Early answers are physical descriptors,
  possessions
• Later answers psychological traits, interests

3
Self-esteem

• Evaluative statement about the self
• Gender differences males lead
• Black Hispanic Asian Native American vs white
  self-esteem

4
BIRG

• Bask in reflected glory
• Boost self-esteem by groups w/ whom you identify

5
Self-reference Effect

• People remember information better if they can
  apply it to themselves
• Think what is the effect of the exercises in
  this class?

6
Views of the Self

• Independent-ones own internal feelings and not
  in terms of the thoughts, feelings, actions of
  others
• Interdependent connectedness is valued,
  uniqueness if frowned upon

7
Gender differences in the self

• Relational interdependence-women focus on their
  close relationships (feeling)
• Men on collective interdependence-group
  memberships

8
Introspection

• Self-insight-a looking inward at ones own
  thoughts and feelings
• Overall introspection doesnt achieve
  self-knowledge

9
Reasons-generated attitude change

• Analyzing our feelings may not really reveal them
• But may cause a change in attitude

10
Affective forecasting

• How happy or unhappy will we be in the future if
  Event X occurs?
• Win the lottery, get in a car wreck, get tenure,
  etc.

11
Focusing on the Self

• Self awareness-rather infrequent/rather
  uncomfortable
• Self avoiding behaviors getting drunk, binge
  eating, and sometimes religious experience
• Placed in front of a mirror, people live up to
  own standards

12
Shape up or Ship out

• Self-awareness theory 2 ways to cope
• 1. if close to behavior that reduces
  discrepancies shape up
• 2. if not close, withdraw from self-awareness
  ship out

13
Limit of Self-Regulation

• Control yourself too much and self-control
  fatigue sets in
• Sometimes the harder you try to control a
  behavior, the less likely you are to succeed

14
Social comparison theory

• Self-description depends on the environment
• Evaluate oneself by looking around us

15
Social Comparison Theory

• For excellence, people who are better than we are
  
• Or lower, to boost our own egos

16
Autobiographical Memories

• w/out them, no coherent self-concept
• Remember the recent past best
• w/ exceptions for adolescence early adult hood

17
Flashbulb memories

• Enduring, detailed, high-resolution recollections
• Not necessarily accurate, but the memories feel
  special

18
The Over-justification Effect

• If you over reward a behavior, you lower the
  intrinsic reward for the beh.
• Too much reward motivates for the reward, not the
  behavior

19
Children Praise

• Praise can create the over-justification effect
• Overused, can make children compare themselves to
  peers too much, may convey expectations that are
  too high, or focus too much on ability

20
Two-factor Theory of Emotion

• 1. experience some physiological arousal
• 2. seek an appropriate explanation or label for
  it.
• Another reason why working out may get you a love
  life

21
Self-handicapping

• People create obstacles and excuses for
  themselves so that if they do poorly, they have
  an out
• You do this (stop it!)

22
Impression Management

• Cross culturally, everyone does this
• In Asian cultures, more important to have a lot
  of people at weddings/funerals