Searching for QuarkGluonPlasma NA49 Experiment SPS'CERN

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Current Heavy Ion Physics Experiments and
Results Survey
In-Kwon YOO (yoo_at_pusan.ac.kr) Heavy Ion Physics
Experiment Lab. Pusan National University Busan,
Republic of KOREA
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Motivation
What are we looking for ?
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic Model
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Basic Idea
Experiment
AA Collision
Collision Energy 10 GeV/NN
Energy Density 1 GeV/fm3
Results
Outlook
Low Hadrons
High DoF Quark Gluons
Low Hadrons
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Motivation
Phase Transition
Experiment
T
Results
TC
Outlook
Q
Anomalies in the Energy Dependence of the
relevant observables
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Motivation
Relativistic HI Collisions
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
HI Accelerator
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire
Experiment
Since 1954
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Experiments _at_ SPS.CERN
NA44 The Focussing Spectrometer for one and two
particles
Experiment
NA45 (CERES) Study of Electron Pair Production
in Hadron and Nuclear Collisions
Results
Outlook
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NA60 very precise measurements in InIn
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Motivation
Experiments _at_ SPS.CERN
NA44 The Focussing Spectrometer for one and two
particles
Experiment
NA45 (CERES) Study of Electron Pair Production
in Hadron and Nuclear Collisions
Results
Large Acceptance Hadron Spectrometer
Outlook
Study of Strange and Multistrange Particles
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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement

• Strangeness Content in Matter
• Particle Production (Schwinger Model)
• Penetration Probability
• Particle Production Rate per unit time per unit
  volume
• Longitudinal length traveled by a particle with
  pz and E
• pz/E longitudinal velocity ? pz/E.Dt
• Elementary phase space volume in Dt
• DxDyDtxpz/EdpzdpT
• Number of quantum states DxDyDtxpz/EdpzdpT/(2p
  )3

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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement

• Strangeness Content in Matter
• Potential E -kz ? dE kdz
• In elementary collisions at low energy
  according to
• pPb_at_14.6 GeV ? K/p 0.08 ? strange/non-strange
  0.05
• Strangeness Production is very rare!

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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement

• At Thermal and Chemical Equilibrium in Hadron Gas
• Neutral Hadron Gas with T Bose-Einstein
  Statistics
• K2 modified Bessel Function of order 2
• With mK 500 MeV, mp 140 MeV
• At T200MeV ? mK/T 0.25, mp/T 0.7
• Strangeness Enhanced !

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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement

• Pion and Kaon Densities as a function of hadron
  temperature
• Ratio of them

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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement

• At Thermal and Chemical Equilibrium in QGP
• QGP with T and mi for the different particles I
• Fermi-Dirac Statistics
• NC number of Colors 3, NS number of spins
  2
• T ms and mq 0
• T 2ms and mq 0

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3.3 Strangeness Enhancement
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Motivation
Strangeness Enhancement
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Onset of Deconfinement ?
ltpgt Entropy Deconfinement An Increase of
Pion Yield at the Onset
Experiment
Strangeness Enhancement Hadron Gas Mixed
Phase - QGP
Results
Anomaly in transverse Expansion
Outlook
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The Pion Kink M.Gazdzicki, Z.Phys. C66 (1995) 659
Motivation
Experiment
Results
Outlook
The early stage of the collisions Fireball
Deconfinement
An Increase of Entropy, due to high number of
effective degree of freedom in QGP

• E s1/2 V s-1/2
• e E/V s e gT4
• T g-1/4 s1/4
• ltpgt S gVT3 g1/4s1/4 g1/4F

ltpgt Entropy
An Increase of Pion Yield at the Onset of
Deconfinement
ltpgt g1/4 F
Statistical Model of the Early Stage (SMES) M.
Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30 (1999) 2705
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The Statistical Model of the Early Stage (SMS)
M.Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30 (1999) 2705
Motivation
Experiment
Results
Outlook
gH for hadron gas
1.3
gH lt gQ
gQ for QGP
gQ / gH (1.3) 4 3
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Strangeness Enhancement with the strange horn
Motivation
Experiment
Results
Outlook
Strangeness Enhancement J. Rafelski, Phys. Rep.
88, 331 (1982)
Strange Horn M.Gazdzicki, D.Roehrich, Z.Phys.
C71 (1996) 55 M.Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon.
B30, 2705
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Strange/Nonstrange Ratio
Motivation
Experiment
Results
Outlook
ltKKgt/ltpgt
Hadron Gas (KK)/p at T TC ltKKgt
T3/2exp(-mK/T) ltpgt T3
ltssgt/ltnsgt
QGP at T gt TC (ms lt T) ltssgt T3
TC
T
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Motivation
Experiments _at_ SPS.CERN
NA44 The Focussing Spectrometer for one and two
particles
Experiment
NA45 (CERES) Study of Electron Pair Production
in Hadron and Nuclear Collisions
Results

Large Acceptance Hadron Spectrometer
NA50 Study of Muon Pairs and Vector Mesons
Outlook
Study of Strange and Multistrange Particles
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Motivation
J/Y in QGP
Matsui Satz In the QGP the screening radius
could become smaller than the J/y radius,
effectively screening the quarks from each other
Experiment
Ref) Phys. Lett. B178 (1986) 416.
T200
T0
Results
1.07 fm
0.41 fm
0.59 fm
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Ref) Introduction to High-Energy Heavy-Ion
Collisions, C.Y. Wong 1994
Outlook
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Motivation
J/Y in QGP (J/Y Suppression)

• Charmonium dissociation temperatures

Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Brookhaven National Lab.
Experiment
BRAHMS
PHOBOS
PHENIX
Results
STAR
Outlook
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Motivation
Brookhaven National Lab.
Since 1947
Experiment
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) 1960.
0.37c ? 0.997c 33GeV for protons 11GeV for AuAu
The Booster synchrotron 1991 completed.
Preacceleration of particles entering the AGS
ring.
Results
AGS-To-RHIC (ATR) transfer line. Bunches are
directed either left to the clockwise RHIC ring
or right to travel counter-clockwise in the
second RHIC ring.
Linear Accelerator (Linac). Protons 200 MeV (300
mA) for pA collisions. Late 1960s.
Outlook
Tandem Van de Graaff 1970, 15MV, Ions, 24m
Tandem-to-Booster line (TTB) 1986, 700m, 0.05c
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Motivation
Experiments _at_ RHIC.BNL
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Jet Quenching
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Jet Quenching
Experiment
Results
Preliminary Data
Final Data
Outlook
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Motivation
Mach-like Shock wave
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Elliptic Flow (v2)
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Heavy Ion Exp. Landscape
Experiment
Results
SPS ERA
LHC ERA
Outlook
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
K O R I A ?
RHIC ERA
AGS ERA
FAIR ERA
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Motivation
Have We discovered QGP ?
Experiment
Results
Outlook
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Motivation
Have We discovered Something ?
Experiment
Results
Physicists never say No! Thanks for your
attention
Outlook
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Motivation
Search for the Critical Point
Experiment
Size of the critical region ? Hatta, Ikeda DT
15MeV, Dm50MeV
Results
Outlook
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Experiments _at_ LHC.CERN
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Acceleraters Labs GSI
Gesellschaft für SchwerIonenforschung Since 1954
SIS / ESR 216m, 0.9c, 1993

• FAIR (2012)
• Beam Intensity x 10000
• Ion Energy x 15
• Antiproton beam 15GeV
• Cooled RI Beam

UNILAC 120m, 0.2c, 1985
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Experiments _at_ SIS, FAIR.GSI
Compressed Baryonic Matter