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8th Grade Cultures

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Early American Artists. THOMAS COLE. AMERICAN LANDSCAPE PAINTER. Biography of Thomas Cole ... Biography of Audubon. John James Audubon (1785 1851) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 8th Grade Cultures


1
  • 8th Grade Cultures Periods
  • AH-08-2.4.1
  • Students will analyze or explain how diverse
    cultures and time periods are reflected in visual
    arts.

2
Early American Architecture
3
  • American Early Colonial Style
  • Period includes both New England Colonial and
    Southern Colonial architecture. New England
    Colonial
  • timber-framed structure with clapboard siding
  • simple "saltbox form" with steeply pitched gable
    roof
  • second story overhangs
  • small leaded windows
  • massive central chimney
  • Southern Colonial
  • brick or timber-framed structure
  • simple "saltbox form" with steeply pitched gable
    roof
  • narrow plan, often only one room deep
  • patterned brick masonry
  • massive chimneys at each end of house

4
  • American Spanish Colonial Style Architecture
  • Period includes structures prevalent particularly
    in California, Florida, and the Southwest.
  • adobe or stone construction with an applied
    finish of plaster or lime wash
  • massive, monolithic walls with a minimum of
    openings
  • terra cotta tile or flat roofs with arched
    parapet or gable forms
  • projecting roof supports and exposed timbers
  • twin bell towers
  • Baroque ornament applied to walls

5
  •  American Georgian Style Architecture
  • Style was named for the kings who ruled England
    during the 1700s. The Georgian style is based on
    the work of Sir Christopher Wren and his
    contemporaries.
  • geometrical proportions
  • hipped roof form
  • Palladian windows
  • symmetrical plan and building elevations arranged
    about a central axis
  • a main entrance emphasized with columns,
    pilasters, and broken pediment forms
  • classical details

6
  • American Federal Style Architecture
  • Federal Style celebrated the birth of a new
    nation, based upon the Adamesque style popular in
    Britain. The Adamesque style combined Renaissance
    and Palladian forms, French Rococo, and features
    of ancient Roman villas.
  • low pitched roof
  • smooth facade
  • window openings with larger panes and louvered
    shutters
  • delicate columns and molding
  • exterior detail expressed only at an entrance
  • circular, oval, or octagonal room shapes
  • interior decoration such as garlands, swags,
    urns, and rosettes applied to walls
  • pastel colors

7
  •  American Jeffersonian Architecture
  • Inspired by the work of Thomas Jefferson,
    combining the order and geometry of a pure Roman
    temple form.
  • red brick construction
  • main floor slightly elevated above ground level
  • slender columns with smooth shafts
  • a portico with pediment above
  • simple, classical moldings painted white
  • circular, oval, or octagonal room shapes
  • arched window or opening located at pediment

8
Early American Artists
9
THOMAS COLE
AMERICAN LANDSCAPE PAINTER
10
Biography of Thomas Cole
Biography of Thomas Cole
  • Thomas Cole was born in 1801 at Bolton,
    Lancashire in Northwestern England and emigrated
    with his family to the United States in 1818.
    During the early years Cole lived for short
    periods in Philadelphia, Ohio, and Pittsburgh
    where he worked as a portrait artist. Although
    primarily self-taught, Cole worked with members
    of the Philadelphia Academy, and his canvases
    were included in the Academy's exhibitions.
  • In 1825, Cole discovered the haunting beauty of
    the Catskill wilderness.

11
  • Thomas Cole is often called the "Father of the
    Hudson River School of Art." In 1826 he helped to
    found the National Academy of Design in New York
    City. In 1827 he made his first visit to the
    White Mountains.
  • Though he preferred allegorical subjects, he also
    painted many landscapes, often at the specific
    request of patrons. All his paintings are
    romantic in vein, for Cole felt it his duty to
    depict nature, especially American nature, as the
    "visible hand of God."  From 1829 to 1832 Cole
    traveled abroad, but his unique genius was not
    affected by Old World contacts.

12
Thomas Cole The Clove, Catskill, 1827
13
Thomas Cole Catskills Mountain House, The four
elements 1843 - 1844
14
Thomas Cole Landscape, Composition, St. John in
the Wilderness, 1827
15
RECAP
  • Thomas Cole
  • American landscape painter
  • Father of the Hudson River School
  • Romantic paintings
  • Main focus was NATURE

16
John James Audubon
AMERICAN WILDLIFE PAINTER
17
Biography of Audubon
  • John James Audubon (17851851)
  • John James Audubon was a daring and colorful
    character renowned for his adventurous nature,
    his artistic genius, and his obsessive interest
    in birds.
  • He wrote Birds of America, a collection of 435
    life-size prints

18
  • Audubon drew birds from life whenever possible
    rather than from specimens alone. He did, indeed,
    shoot specimens that he wired and propped into
    life-like positions as models for his paintings.
    Of equal or greater importance, he spent much of
    his life traveling the continent observing the
    birds (and animals) in remarkable depth and
    detail. He studied the creatures in all of their
    plumages. He attempted to tease out mysteries of
    aberrant plumages and apparent hybrids. He took
    note of the birds' food and habitat preferences
    meticulously. And, he watched them move,
    interact, and behave. He strove for action and
    reality this was a new approach to the painting
    of birds.
  • John James Audubon. The name brings to mind the
    majestic beauty and grace of a vast collective of
    wildlife portraiture. However, it is crucial to
    remember Audubons detailed scientific
    observations as well, for his work in that
    capacity is still valid today.

19
John James Audubon Excerpts from the Birds of
America Collection
20
RECAP
  • John James Audubon
  • Wildlife artist
  • Wrote Birds of America
  • Drew birds and other animals native to America
  • Drew detailed scientific observations of wildlife

21
George Catlin
AMERICAN ARTIST OF NATIVE AMERICAN SUBJECTS
22
  • An American painter who specialized in portraits
    of Native Americans in the Old West. He was the
    fifth of 14 children. Both his mother and
    grandmother had been captives of Indians.
  • Catlin left a law career to paint Native
    Americans and "to rescue from oblivion their
    primitive looks and customs." He taught himself
    painting and painted indians he met in St. Louis
    or on excursions into Indian country, sketching
    and painting some 600 Indian portraits, scenes of
    native life and landscapes. He also documented
    his paintings with notes on customs of the
    approximate 48 tribes he contacted.

23
  • Catlin formed some of the earliest Wild West
    Shows in order to highlight the plight of the
    Native Americans and show their culture.
  • His works are the only known portrayals of some
    western tribes, including the bulk of those of
    the Mandan tribe, which he believed was descended
    from the Welsh.

24
George Catlin Buffalo Bull, A Grand Pawnee
Warrior (1832)  
25
George Catlin Buffalo Hunt under the Wolf-skin
Mask, 183233
26
RECAP
  • George Catlin
  • Native American subjects
  • Highlights the plight of the Native Americans and
    shows their culture through his paintings
  • Sketching and painting of some 600 Indian
    portraits
  • Scenes of native life and landscapes

27
Early American Photography
28
Mathew Brady
EARLY AMERICAN CIVIL WAR PHOTOGRAPHER
29
  • Brady acquired a reputation as one of America's
    greatest photographers - producer of portraits of
    the famous. As he himself said, "From the first,
    I regarded myself as under obligation to my
    country to preserve the faces of its historic men
    and mothers." He became one of the first
    photographers to use photography to chronicle
    national history.
  • At the peak of his success as a portrait
    photographer, Brady turned his attention to the
    Civil War. Planning to document the war on a
    grand scale, he organized a corps of
    photographers to follow the troops in the field.
    Friends tried to discourage him, citing
    battlefield dangers and financial risks, but
    Brady persisted. He later said, "I had to go. A
    spirit in my feet said 'Go,' and I went."

30
  • Mathew Brady did not actually shoot many of the
    Civil War photographs attributed to him. More of
    a project manager, he spent most of his time
    supervising his corps of traveling photographers,
    preserving their negatives and buying others from
    private photographers freshly returned from the
    battlefield, so that his collection would be as
    comprehensive as possible. When photographs from
    his collection were published, whether printed by
    Brady or adapted as engravings in publications,
    they were credited "Photograph by Brady,"
    although they were actually the work of many
    people.
  • In 1862, Brady shocked America by displaying his
    photographs of battlefield corpses from Antietam,
    posting a sign on the door of his New York
    gallery that read, "The Dead of Antietam." This
    exhibition marked the first time most people
    witnessed the carnage of war. The New York Times
    said that Brady had brought "home to us the
    terrible reality and earnestness of war."

31
Photographs by Mathew Brady
32
RECAP
  • Mathew Brady
  • American Civil War photographer
  • First photographer to document American history
  • Wanted to preserve American history

33
Websites
  • http//whitemountainart.com/Biographies/bio_tc.htm
  • http//www.thomascole.org/learn_biography.htm
  • http//www.catskillarchive.com/cole/cole.htm
  • http//www.audubon.org/bird/boa/BOA_index.html
  • http//monet.unk.edu/mona/artexplr/audubon/audubon
    .html
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Catlin
  • http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWcatlinG.htm
  • http//www.loggia.com/designarts/architecture/styl
    es/american/jeffersonian.html
  • http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwbrady.html
  • http//www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/brady.
    htm
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