Atoms and elements

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Atoms and elements
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Index

• Lesson 1 An introduction to elements, compounds
  and reactions.
• Homework task 1
• Lesson 2 Elements the building blocks of
  matter.
• Homework task 2
• Lesson 3 Lets find out more about an element.
• Homework task 3
• Lesson 4 There are only 100 different elements,
  how do we get all the other materials?
• Homework task 5
• Lesson 5 Whats the difference between a
  compound and a mixture?
• Homework task 5
• Lesson 6 Using reactions to make new compounds.
• Lesson 7 Separating a mixture
• Lesson 8 Assessment

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Lesson 1

• An introduction to elements, compounds and
  reactions

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Equipment

• Equipment for 8 groups
• Transformers
• Croc leads
• Spatulas (2 per group)
• Copper sulphate solution (liquid)
• Test tube racks
• Test tubes (2 per group)
• Vinegar
• Baking powder

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Lesson objectives

• To learn how chemical reactions make something
  new and different.

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Making something new

• A reaction between vinegar and baking powder.

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Electrolysis of copper sulphate

• Links
• BBC Bitesize

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Lesson 2

• The building blocks of matter

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Equipment

• CD ROM Reactions between alkali metals and water
• DVD Curriculum bites Wan2Tlk Science
• Materials kit
• A4 copies of periodic table
• Various elements to show (whatever is possible
  from this list copper, sulphur, carbon, oxygen
  in gas bottle, chrome tin)

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Getting started...

• Video Reactions between alkali metals and water.

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Objective

• Begin to get the idea that everything is made
  from basic materials called elements.

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Input

• See this again Reactions with alkali metals (CD
  ROM)
• Using whiteboards in pairs
• Can you remember the names of the metals?
• After the reaction, what do YOU think was left?
• See some elements and discuss.

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Starter

• Everything we know about is made of basic
  substances called elements.
• Elements are substances that are not joined with
  something else to make something different.
• Work in a group to make a list on a whiteboard of
  substances you think might be elements.

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• Each group to suggest one element from their
  list. Do we agree?
• Video input
• Wan2Tlk Science/ Chemistry/ Atoms
• Wan2Tlk Science/ Molecules and elements
• Lets have a look at the INTERACTIVE PERIODIC
  TABLE

Atoms, molecules and elements. PERIODIC TABLE
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Links

• Sheffield Hallam University

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Activity Elements and non-elements

• Work in a group. Use a materials kit.
• Which materials in this kit are elements?
• Divide the materials into two groups.
• List or draw in your book (elements),
  (non-elements).

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And finally

• Work in pairs with a whiteboard.
• Copy and complete the following sentence
• Elements are substances that...

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Lesson 3 Lets find out more about an element

• Research presentation

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Equipment

• Colour photographs of elements.
• Books about materials and chemistry.
• A4 copies of the periodic table (quality prints)
• Glue, scissors paper.

• A short length of magnesium ribbon
• Hoffman Voltameter

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Starter...

• Whats water made from?
• Can we split it up into hydrogen and oxygen?
• Demonstration of Hoffman voltameter.

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Objective

• To find out more about the properties of one
  element.

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Important scientific words.What do you think
they mean?
To find out more about the properties of one
element.

• element
• raw materials
• state at room temperature
• symbol

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What your group will do...
To find out more about the properties of one
element.

• ...you are going to make a presentation about one
  element.
• This could be
• A wall display using cut-outs, photographs and
  diagrams.
• A PowerPoint presentation.
• Something else.
• DEADLINE by ....

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Research questions you might ask...

• What does this element look like?
• What uses does it have to us?
• What is its state at room temperature?
• What is its symbol?
• Is it a metal or a non-metal?
• Where is it on the periodic table?
• Anything else?

To find out more about the properties of one
element.
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Presentations
To find out more about the properties of one
element.

• Each group to present their work and clearly
  state what they found out.

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True or false?
To find out more about the properties of one
element.
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Lesson 4

• There are only 100 different elements, how do we
  get all the other materials?

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Equipment

• Worksheet Lesson 4, worksheet 1
• Daydream interactive whiteboard charts. CD ROM
• Copies of the periodic table
• Homework sheet
• Iron filings
• 100 cm3 beakers (one per pair)
• Test tubes (one per pair)

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Getting started
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Elements symbols

• Do you know what these elements are? Work in
  pairs on whiteboards.

• C
• H
• Fe
• O
• He
• Cu
• Pb
• Ca
• Zn
• Ag

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Objectives

• New materials are formed when atoms join
  together.
• Discover what compounds are.

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Introduction
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.

• Daydream interactive whiteboard charts. CD ROM /
  materials their properties / periodic table

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A challenge...
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.

• Part 1 Work in pairs.
• All materials consist of elements. Sometimes
  materials are pure. Sometimes materials are made
  of more than one element combined.
• Use the worksheet to decide what each of the
  materials is made from.
• Link to worksheet

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Answers
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.

• Carbon dioxide Carbon and oxygen
• Iron oxide (rust) Iron and oxygen
• Copper Sulphate Copper, sulphur and oxygen
• Table salt Sodium and chlorine
• Chlorine Just chlorine its an element
• Gold Jut gold its an element
• Water Hydrogen and oxygen
• Copper oxide Copper and oxygen
• Hydrocarbons Hydrogen, oxygen and carbon
• Carbohydrates Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Score out of ten please

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Video input
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.

• BBC Class clips 1 Atoms elements
• Art. Why is air not an element?
• Wan2TlkScience. What can you say about all the
  atoms in an element?
• Amazing materials. What are the properties and
  uses of gold?

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Challenge 2

• Part 2 (on the worksheet) Work in a different
  pair.
• Work out the chemical symbols or formulae for the
  following

New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.
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Answers
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.
Scores out of 9
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Some basics
New materials are formed when atoms join
together. Discover what compounds are.

• Elements are made of one type of particle. All
  the atoms are the same.
• There are about 100 different elements.
• Compounds are materials that are made of one or
  more different elements combined.
• The elements in compounds are chemically
  combined. A compound is completely different to
  the elements it is made from.
• Your task is to write everything you know about
  elements and compounds.

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Task and homework

• Your task is to write everything you know about
  elements and compounds.
• Work in pairs draft on whiteboards.
• Transfer to exercise books and complete at home.
• Dont forget to revise section 6 of the Revision
  Guide.

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Lesson 5

• Whats the difference between a compound and a
  mixture?

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Equipment

• For demonstration
• DVD BBC class clips 1
• Magnesium ribbon
• Matches
• For students in groups
• Chromatography white blotting paper, berol felt
  pens, paper clips, large glass beakers (500 cm3)
• Filtering filter paper, funnels, calcium
  carbonate (chalk) powder
• Evaporation Bunsen burners, burning tins,
  tripods, salt, 100 cm³

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Objectives

• Whats the difference between a mixture and a
  compound?
• Can you use words and diagrams to explain?

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Getting started

• Check whats happened in your iron filings
  experiment
• Demonstration of burning magnesium

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Follow up

• Explaining the products of combustion.

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Video input

• BBC Class clips 1 / Compounds and mixtures /
• Elements and compounds. What is the main
  difference between an element and a mixture?
• Elements and compounds. What are the elements
  formed in these two experiments?
• Elements and compounds. What do we call atoms
  when they join together?

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What is a compound?

• Ideas on whiteboards.
• Class discussion.

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Lets investigate some mixtures

• Chromatography
• Can we separate the dyes in the ink?
• Filtering
• Can we separate the chalk from the water?
• Evaporation
• Can we separate the salt from the water?
• Mixtures are easily separated. Compounds are not!

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Answers that explain

• Today, we looked at the difference between
  compounds and mixtures.
• Your suggestions please.
• Draft some writing to explain the difference
  between a mixture and a compound. Work directly
  in your exercise book.
• Homework Complete your explanation.

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Lesson 6

• Moving elements around Using reactions to make
  new compounds.

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Equipment

• For demonstration
• copper oxide
• dilute sulphuric acid
• magnesium ribbon
• matches
• Candle
• For students
• Candles (one per group)
• Tall glass jars (gas jars or measuring cylinders)
• Large glass beakers or water baths

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Objectives

• Learn more about how substances react to make new
  substances.
• Prove that burning is a reaction that uses a gas
  from the air.
• For example
• Sulphuric acid reacts with copper oxide to make

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Demonstrations
Learn more about how substances react to make new
substances. Prove that burning is a reaction that
uses a gas from the air.

• Copper oxide and dilute sulphuric acid.
• Oxidising magnesium.
• Burning a candle to change water level.
• Demo first, then you can try it.
• Oxidising iron to change water level.
• Demo first, then you can try it.

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Plenary

• Reporting back in groups
• Group 1 What was the blue stuff in the conical
  flask called?
• Group 2 Why did the copper oxide and sulphuric
  acid turn blue?
• Group 3 What was the white powder that was left
  after the magnesium burned?
• Group 4 Why was there a lot of white powder left
  after the magnesium burned?
• Group 5 What gas was used from the air when the
  candle burned and what is its chemical formula?
• Group 6 Why did the water level rise when the
  candle was burning?
• Group 7 What new substance is formed when iron
  rusts?
• Group Why do we expect the water level to rise
  when the iron rusts?

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Lesson 7

• Separating a mixture

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Equipment

• For demonstration
• Copper sulphate solution
• Bunsen burner
• Tripod
• Burning dish
• matches

For students to use in groups Dry sand Electronic
scales Dry table salt Bunsen burners Burning tins
(not too rusty) Magnets Eye protection Measuring
cylinders Filter paper
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Getting started

• Demonstration.
• Can I separate the blue copper sulphate from the
  water?

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Practical

• Challenge Separating a mixture of sand, salt
  iron filings.

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Plenary

• All groups to prepare feedback.
• What did you do at each stage of the process?
• Why did you do that at each stage?

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Assessment