DAML Queries/Life Cycle

1
DAML Queries/Life Cycle

• SRI International

2
Parts of Ontologies(used in the examples to
follow)

• Assumptions

author
Publication-ref
topic
year
Number
3
Queries

• Find a reference to the most recent paper on SHOE
  with Jame Hendler as a co-author.
• Find a reference to the paper on SHOE with James
  Hendler as a co-author, with the most citations
  in the World Wide Web Virtual Library Artificial
  Intelligence.
• Find an article or technical report on SHOE by
  Jim Hendler.
• Request the Stanford Library to hold a copy of
  Daniel Dennett's book "Elbow Room" for me.
• If the Stanford Library does not have a copy of
  Daniel Dennett's "Elbow Room", order it for me
  via Interlibrary Loan.
• Buy a copy of Daniel Dennett's "Elbow Room" for
  me from amazon.com.
• Buy me a copy of Daniel Dennett's "Elbow Room" at
  the cheapest available price.
• Who in the SRI AI Center has coauthored a paper
  with a Turing Award winner? a Nobel Prize winner?
  someone from Iowa?

4
Query Language

• Extend DAML syntax to cover queries
• Support a subset of OO query language mechanisms
• Example Find information about Researcher with
  last name Hendler

xmlns SRIhttp//www.ai.sri.com/daml/ontologie
s/Researcher.daml
ltFINDgt ltSRIResearchergt
ltRESTRICTEDBYgt ltlastNamegtHendlerlt/lastNamegt
lt/RESTRICTEDBYgt
lt/FINDgt
5
Data and Control Flow

• DAML query is parsed, interpreted and (all or
  parts) sent to search site DAML Vista
• DAML Vista searches indexed DB for matching
  Researcher objects
• Recursively searches through imported ontologies
• May translate to other ontologies with help of
  ontology mapping service/engine
• May seek help from specialty KB service (e.g.,
  specializing in researchers)

6
Search Engine Strategies
CASE ONE Simple matching of class/properties
Web page
7
Search Engine Strategies (2)
CASE TWO Recursive search of ontology tags
through imported ontologies (USING SUBCLASSES,
SUBPROPERTIES)
xmlns SRIai.sri.com/ontologies/Researcher.daml
xmlnsHobbsai.sri.com/hobbs/MyResearcher.daml
ltHobbsMyResearchergt ltlastNamegtHendlerlt\lastNamegt
MyResearcher subClass of Researcher
8
Search Engine Strategies (3)
CASE THREEUsing ontology mapping service
xmlnsai.sri.com/ontologies/Researcher.daml -gt
xmlns...ksl.stanford.edu/Staff.daml Researcher
-gt Staff lastName -gt name
9
Search Engine Strategies (4)
CASE FOURUsing speciality repository
xmlnsai.sri.com/ontologies/Researcher.daml
ltResearcherlastNamegtHendlerlt/gt more info about
Hendler
Local cache of information about researcher
xmlns ai.sri.com/ontologies/Researcher.daml
Links to Home pages and other relevant info
ltResearchergt ltlastNamegtHendlerlt/gt lthomegt link
lt/gt
10
Architecture
DAML Parser
QDAML
Query Interpreter Optimizer
Deal w/ filter/preferences Use knowledge about
query and web
Speciality Repository
Maps/translates queries Translates KB
-offline crawling -cacheing or links
DAML-based Search Service
Ontology Mapping Service
Web pages
Searches mapping sites for equivalent
ontologies Searches web pages for answers
Ontology mapping sites
xmlnsSRI -gt xmlnsKSL.. Researcher -gt Staff
11
Ontology Mapping Service

• DAML-recommended Mapping Ontology
• API spec for mapping ontologies
• Mapping Service maps/translates between
  ontologies
• for a given query it returns an equivalent query
  using notations from other ontologies
• it uses ontology mapping sites

12
Ontology Mapping Service (2)

• Can map entire KB where useful
• Can produces views of KB
• Necessary Tools that support Map creation
• Modes
• interactive (using input of ontology designer)
• automatic (using SNARK/Maude-like Tools to
  automatically draw inferences about ontology
  equivalences)

13
A Slightly More Complex Query

• Find publications about SHOE co-authored by (Jim)
  Hendler

xmlns SRIhttp//www.ai.sri.com/daml/ontologie
s/Publication.daml
ltFINDgt ltSRIPublication-refgt
ltRESTRICTEDBYgt ltSRIauthorgt
ltSRIResearcherlastNamegtHendlerlt/...lastNamegt
ltLOOSEgtltSRIResearcherfirstNamegtJimlt/gt lt/LOOSEgt
lt/SRIauthorgt
ltSRItopicgtltSRITopicnamegtSHOElt/gtlt/SRITopicgt
...
14
A More Complex Query

• Find most recent publications about SHOE
  co-authored by (Jim) Hendler

xmlns SRIhttp//www.ai.sri.com/daml/ontologie
s/Publication.daml
ltFINDgt ltSRIPublication-refgt
ltRESTRICTEDBYgt ltSRIauthorgt as before...
ltPREFERgtltSRImost-recentgt
Various possible realizations
ltTERMINATIONgtltTimeoutgt ...
ltNumMatchesgt ...
ltLocality Constraintsgt
ltNumPagesVisitedgt lt/TERMINATIONgt
15
Services for Preferences

• Services can be specified for
• Site
• Class
• Ontology (set of classes and properties)
• Services can be used to define preferences, e.g.,

ltService IDmore-recentgt
ltownergt Publication-ref lt/ownergt
ltdomaingt Publication-ref lt/domaingt
ltrangegt Bool lt/rangegt ...
16
Site Services

• E.g., Person-match service in order to find
  information about person with name Hendler
• Issues
• Service has to be specified w/ required
  input/output parameters
• Protocol how to find appropriate services needs
  to be defined
• Software to support interface w/ services