Accelerator Science

1
Accelerator Science

• Roger Barlow
• EPSRC Visit
• 6th December 2007

2
Accelerators

• Developed for particle physics
• Now used by many communities in physics,
  chemistry and medicine

3
UK Accelerator R D

• Cockcroft Institute

At Daresbury Founded by PPARC, NWDA Universities
of Manchester (RB Roger Jones Rob Appleby),
Liverpool, Lancaster Staff working on high energy
and low energy and generic accelerator
physics Including the nsFFAG
4
2 Basic types - limitations

• Cyclotron
• Low energies

Synchrotron Low current/duty cycle
5
The FFAG design

• Ring like a synchrotron
• Strong Focussing (Alternating Gradient)
• Orbit changes with energy
• Dipole field increases with particle energy, but
  through path variation not time variation
• ??B/?t not dB/dt

6
The NS-FFAG

• Scaling constant orbit shape
• Gives constant betatron tune, so can keep away
  from integers (same-kick-every-cycle resonance)
• Abandon scaling principle lose control of tune.
  Fall into resonance. Does it matter?

7
Argument

• If the tune changes rapidly, resonances dont
  have time to destroy the beam.
• Rapid acceleration Big turn-to-turn variation
• Plausible but needs verifying
• Advantages (if it works)
• Simpler magnets (B?x not B ?Rk)
• Smaller beam pipe

8
The nsFFAG

• Advantages
• Cheap, simple DC magnets.
• Compact design (better than scaling FFAG)
• High repetition rate and duty cycle
• Rapid acceleration
• High acceptance
• Permanent magnets (?)
• Continuous operation (?)
• Cyclotron currents at Synchrotron energies
• Disadvantages
• Nobodys built one yet

9
CONFORM

• Project Construction of a Nonscaling FFAG for
  Oncology, Research and Medicine
• Bid to Basic Technology Programme (EPSRC
  administered) by BASROC consortium
• Build EMMA 20 MeV electron prototype to
  demonstrate principle (3.8M 1.8M)
• Design PAMELA clinical machine for hadron
  therapy(0.8M)
• Investigate other applications (Hadron therapy,
  Cell irradiation studies, solar wind simulator,
  Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactors, Proton
  drivers for muon/neutron sources, Muon
  accelerator for neutrino factory) (0.4M)
• Bid successful! Started 1st April 2007 for 3½
  years

10
The Consortium

• Manchester/Cockcroft Coordination
• CCLRCCockcroft EMMA Construction
• Liverpool/Cockcroft Magnets
• Oxford/John Adams PAMELA design
• Oxford/Gray Cancer Institute Birmingham
  Imperial Glasgow PAMELA and Hadron therapy
  applications
• SurreyLeeds general applications

11
EMMA

• Proof of principle machine
• 10 to 20 MeV electrons
• 42 cells
• 16m circumference
• RF every other cell
• 1.3GHz, TESLA frequency
• magnets 5cm x 2.5cm aperture

12
EMMA at Daresbury
13
EMMA Magnets
Magnet prototypes produced by TESLA Being
measured and understood Production magnets
(almost) ordered delivery Summer 08
14
EMMA RF
Prototypes ordered Delivery January OJEC notice
December Place contract March Delivery
June-August 2008
15
EMMA summary

• Final Design Review Daresbury 10-11 Dec
• Main components on site by 1st Aug 08
• Assembly on girders June 08-Jan 09
• Assembly in hall Jan -May 09
• Installation and testing Jun-Aug 09
• Operation in September 09

16
PAMELA

• Long wish-list
• Builders and users (medical community) in
  discussions about how to achieve all of these

Prove proton NSFFAG works Provide 40 MeV protons
for cell studies Provide 300 MeV protons for
therapy Provide 40 MeV/N He and C for cell
studies Provide 450 MeV/N He and C for therapy
17
PAMELA

• Clinical Hadron Therapy machine, probably at
  Oxford
• Carbon is essential. Proton solution is
  commercially available.
• 3-ring solution (Keil and Trbojevic) or 1 ring
  (Koscielniak and Johnstone)
• Workshop next summer to settle final parameters

18
Applications

• Cell Irradiation Surrey post filled. Answer
  questions about dosage, Ion types, etc
• ADSRs ManchesterLeeds. Additional grant from
  EPSRC Energy call to look at possibilities for
  use of FFAG in an ADSR, for power and waste
  disposal.
• Neutrons Leeds post now being advertised

19
3 years time

• Working machine for studying nsFFAG behaviour
• Full design for PAMELA that we can take to
  MRC/NHS
• Portfolio of other NS-FFAG designs for different
  communities of accelerator users

20
A word on eScience
Success!

• We run a 1800 CPU Grid centre for LHC
  reconstruction with spare capacity for other
  users ( e.g. biomed). Making this usable for
  other communities could be a useful investment
• We develop grid software for authorisation and
  security. GridSite is an easy to use web access
  system using certificates rather than passwords.
  We would like to make this widely available

Success!
21
Finally

• Aspects of Accelerator Science come under the
  EPSRC umbrella
• There will be further involvement with EPSRC from
  Manchester/Cockcroft