Overview of the Overall Energy Situation in Indonesia

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CDM opportunities related to emission reduction
of greenhouse gases in Indonesia Urban Land
Transport
Nasrullah Salim Bonn, June 1-13,
2002 eriell_at_pelangi.or.id
www.pelangi.or.id
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The development of final energy consumption in
Indonesia
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The development of energy utilization by sector
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The Energy Resources of Indonesia
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Some important issues of the city of Jakarta

• Soedomo, et. al. Air quality status of five big
  cities i.e. Jakarta, Medan, Bandung, Surabaya,
  and Semarang have serious air quality problem,
  and the level of Jakarta and Bandung are the
  worst among them.
• ADB The sea level will rise as high as 60 cm and
  if no precautions taken, about 800,000 houses in
  coastal area will moved and will cost around 30
  billion Rupiahs.
• Clean water crisis in Jakarta
• ALGAS (1994) Energy sector contributed as the
  second largest greenhouse gas to the total
  emission.
• Since 1996 up to now Transportation sector is
  the largest energy consumption.
• Sub-urbanisation of Metropolitans creates longer
  average trips.

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Map of possible mitigation options for reduction
of emissions in the urban transportation system
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Findings
Figure 1 GDRP and vehicle stock projection
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Figure 2 Vehicle stock and emission projection
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Table 1 Fuel shift scenario of bio-ethanol to
fulfill 5 of gasoline demand in Jakarta

• bio-ethanol plant capacity is 2 million liter per
  year
• assume that the technology use is classified as
  labor intensive, which mean that more man power
  can be absorbed. In this case, the total labor is
  73,000 for producing 1 million ton bio-ethanol
  per year as have been implemented in Brazil

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Table 2 Fuel shift scenario of bio-diesel to
fulfill 5 of ADO demand in Jakarta

• biodiesel plant capacity is 10,000 cubic meters
  per year
• according to Soerawidjaja (1999), to produce 220
  million liters bio-diesel from CPO (crude palm
  oil) will absorb labor around 20,000

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Table 3 Estimated health problems associated with
PM10, NO2, and SO2
) Suppose that 5 of ADO and gasoline demand
(BAU) in 2015 will be consecutively replaced by
bio-diesel and bio-ethanol.
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Table 4 Estimated economic cost associated with
PM10, NO2, and SO2
) Suppose that 5 of ADO and gasoline demand
(BAU) in 2015 will be consecutively replaced by
bio-diesel and bio-ethanol. 1 US Rp. 9,000
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Benefits of renewables based liquid fuels
exploitation in Indonesia

• Reduce deteriorate impact of air pollution (in
  regards with risk of people from air pollution)
  and GHGs emission (in anticipating global warming
  issues),
• Extend resource based liquid fuels,
• Reduce the role of PERTAMINA (state owned oil and
  gas company) in supplying ref. product through
  out the country,
• Create job opportunities (characteristics of
  Indonesian agricultural sector is labor
  intensive),
• To be able to reduce expenditure gap between
  individuals and regions (obtaining
  origin-regional income in association with
  regional autonomy),
• Enhance national capacity in agricultural
  technology and post-industrial processing of
  agricultural production, and
• Increase production of capital goods.

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Nationally, the development of renewable based of
liquid fuel has strategic beneficiary due to

• Reducing dependency of import of refinery
  products i.e. gasoline and ADO that tends to
  increase,
• Securing domestic liquid fuels supply,
• Increasing building capacity in terms of
  agricultural and post-agricultural processing
  technology, and
• Benefiting economically to regional autonomy.

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What the idea to be address for future study
after Human Dimension Workshop

• Continue the study more wider aspect associated
  with human dimension that effected from energy
  and transportation sector related to the
  environment,
• Heat islands, and
• Thermal comfort standards for tropical cities.

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Terimakasih Syukron Thank you Danke
Spasibo Xie-xie Asantewww.pelangi.or.ideriell_at_
pelangi.or.id