Gastrointestinal Tract

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Gastrointestinal Tract
Chess Adams, DVM
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Goals

• Radiographic abnormalities
• Esophagus to colon
• Differentiate
• Mechanical (obstructive) ileus
• Functional ileus
• Recognize enlarged small intestine

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Esophagus

• Normal - not usually seen
• Diameter width of a vertebral body
• Will dilate during anesthesia

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Feline Esophaguscaudal 1/3 smooth muscle
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Megaesophagus

• Often seen on surveys - look for
  tracheoesophageal stripe sign
• May be locally or generally enlarged
• Rule out foreign body
• May require barium esophagram

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Barium Esophagram

• Thin suspension - for suspected megaesophagus
• Paste - to define mucosal abnormality
• Mix with food - if above are negative
• Liquid paste soft food kibbles

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Persistent right 4th aortic arch
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Stomach

• Recognize the compartments
• Fundus
• Body
• Pylorus
• Contrast
• Negative - air
• Positive - barium

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Fundus
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Enlarged stomach

• Post-prandial?
• Dilatation
• Or is it VOLVULUS??!

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Small Intestines

• Should be evenly spaced
• May be displaced by other organs
• If bunched linear FB, peritonitis or adhesions

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Evenly spaced intestines
Here displaced by an enlarged spleen
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GI Contents

• Small bowel gas or homogeneous fluid
• Stomach gas or granular ingesta
• Colon gas or granular feces

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Bowel Diameter(measure serosa to serosa)

• Compare to VBE 2nd or 5th lumbar vertebra
• Duodenum 1.5 x width of VBE (cat unknown)
• Jejunum/ileum 1 x width of VBE (cat 2x)
• Colon 2.5 x width of VBE (cat also)

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Ileus increased bowel diameter

• Functional one population of SI - bowel m.
  hypotonicity - excessive secretions
• Mechanical (obstruction) two populations of SI
  - foreign body - intussusception -
  neoplasia

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Normal
Functional Ileus
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When to say. Cut!

• Two populations of small bowel diameters AND
  
• The dilated segment exceeds normal maximum (the
  VBE rule)

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Ileus?
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Mechanical (Obstructive) Ileus
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Right lateral
Left lateral
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Linear Foreign Body

• Bunching (pleating) of bowel
• Crescent-shaped gas collections in bowel
• Loss of abdominal detail

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Linear FB
Normal hyperperistalsis
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Bowel Signs on GI Study

• Mucosal filling defects
• Thickened bowel walls
• Increased bowel diameter
• Bunching (pleating) of bowel
• Not on survey films

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Normal GI Study

• You may see pseudoulcers - canine duodenum
• You may see string of pearls - feline duoden.

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End