A Presentation to the

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.Airplanes As a Network. Information
Connectivity in Aviation
A Presentation to the Securing Future Aircraft
Communications Workshop November 4,
2004 Ralph Yost Innovations Research
Division William J. Hughes FAA Technical Center
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Main Topics for Today

• Describe Airborne Internet and the Collaborative
  Information Environment
• Other government interests in A.I.
• Some recent developments in aircraft network
  connectivity

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AIRBORNE INTERNET/Collaborative Information
Environment What IS this thing?
A concept that overlays network theory and
principles into the transportation realm
Information CONNECTIVITY .A scalable, general
purpose, multi-application data channel for
people in transit
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Airborne Internet Value Proposition A general
purpose, multi-application data channel
represents the opportunity to

• Consolidate flight deck functions to reduce
  equipage
• in the aircraft (aircraft owner saves money)
• On the ground (FAA saves money)
• Create a NEW revenue stream for aircraft
  operators that does not exist today (operators
  make money)

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We focus on the creation intermodal
transportation networks for better personal
transportation. - But, they lack the information
networks needed by the people who operate and use
them.
The Human Connectivity Imperative People want
to be connected at all times, even while
transient they NEED information connectivity!

• Nearly ¾ of the US population older than two now
  have Internet access (200 million) !!
• 78 of people surveyed want to check their email
  while in flight (German study)

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A Possible Solution?
Network Aircraft as we do Computers
(A.I. Heritage Concept...application based)
Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
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Collaborative Information Environment Meet us in
the cloud
GPS
Navigation
Satcom

• XM
• RFID
• AM/FM
• 802.xx

• Airport Services
• TIS
• FIS
• Hospitality
• Maint.

VHF Radio
Line of sight
VHF Radio
VHF Radio
DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
Gateway
Non-CIE Aircraft

• Internet
• Weather Products
• NOTAMs
• Flight Service Stations
• Other

• NAS Services
• ATM System
• HUB Airports
• TIS-B

VPN
Airborne Internet
ATC Controller
Original graphic courtesy of Computer Networks
Software, Inc.
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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab

• Integration to TC NAS labs ATC, CNS,
  Simulations, Security
• Six T.C. Aircraft for flight tests (plus one
  new)
• Application research development
• SWIM, CPDLC, etc.
• Data Compression
• XML aviation services
• VoIP, packet voice
• FAMs video, voice
• Black Box real time data
• IP Version 6
• Weather (sensors/apps)
• EFB
• InfoSec

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Initial Airborne Internet - PMEI

• Radios are based on ICAO standards
• Developed with a world-wide concept of operations
  in mind
• VHF, Multi-mode capable
• Peer-to-peer connectivity
• TCP/IP capable, includes ADS-B
• Usable by all aircraft, low cost\
• PMEI founding member of AIC

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• Supports COTS TCP/IP communication (Identical
  external interfaces with prior VDL product line)
• Built-in GPS engine
• Built-in TDMA RF network synchronization access
  and ADS-B services
• DSB/AM voice operations (optioned)
• Optioned multi-channel (4 receive and 1
  real-time dynamically assignable transmitter)
• Ethernet connectivity to airhost CPU

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AeroSat Airborne Internet Broadband
communications over 1000 times as fast as
standard 64K satellite service, operating at a
small fraction of the cost.
Range 300 Miles at 30,000 ft
45 Mbps
45 Mbps
Operations and Maintenance Engine
Monitoring Crew Communications Fault
Reporting Diversion Management Cabin Services
Internet Access Programming Distribution AeroSa
t a founding member of AIC
Air Traffic Management System Capacity
(separation) Hazardous Weather Avoidance
Collaborative Decision Making Position
reporting Safety Security Transportation
Security Real Time Black Box Transmission Telemed
icine
Applications
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Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept
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The Price-Performance Objective
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System Characteristics

• 45 Mbps full duplex trunk daisy chained between
  aircraft (node) and ground back haul connection
  (access point) stations
• 150 Nautical mile range from A/C to access point
  
• 300 Nautical mile range A/C to A/C
• 10-8 Bit error rate
• Maximum Frequency Reuse
• Directional transmission
• Power managed
• System establishes and maintains autonomous radio
  links connectivity
• Provides automatic adjustment of link as aircraft
  enter and egress pathways/network
• Provides link physical optimization based on
  aircraft field-of-view to ground sites and other
  aircraft
• Mechanism for late net entry
• Aircraft requests entry into network
• Network protocol based on IP over ATM
• Aircraft flying at 35,000 feet (230 Nautical mile
  line-of-sight to ground)

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Connexion By Boeing (CBB)

• FAA certified May 2002
• Transport carrier only
• Partnership with Rockwell-Collins but not yet
  available
• Expensive, similar to cruise ship rates
• Proprietary
• Bandwidth shared on a transponder
• SEND Looks like it could be around 5-6Mbps (a/c
  to gnd)
• RECEIVE Sharing 20-40Mbps by all aircraft in a
  region.
• (BW per a/c is impossible to calculate.)
• Flagship carrier is Lufthansa, followed by All
  Nippon Airways, China Airlines, Japan Airlines,
  Scandinavian Airlines and Singapore Airlines
• No U.S. carriers. Was intended to be on 1500
  aircraft of the top 3 U.S. Carriers

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Higher Speed SATCOM

• Gulfstream and Embraer now using broadband
  antenna systems to provide network capability to
  biz jet (via Inmarsat Aero-H and Swift64 systems)
• - data rates up to effective .5MB/s
• - ISDN or IP Mobile Packet Data Service (MPDS)

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Inmarsat Mobile ISDN and MPDS compared
Mobile ISDN and MPDS compared
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The Wireless Cabin Consortium

• Lead is DLR - German Aerospace Center
• Part-funded by European Community (EC)
  Information Society Technologies (IST) Project
• 30 month program
• Project Members

• KID-Systeme
• Siemens
• TriaGnoSys
• University of Bradford

• DLR
• Airbus
• Ericsson
• ESYS
• Inmarsat

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Wireless Cabin Airline survey

• 85 of airlines experiencing demand for data
  services
• All airlines concerned about perceived risks to
  safety
• 50 experiencing demand for wireless
• 100 anticipate provision of e-mail and Internet
  access
• SMS messaging important for Europe and Asia
  Pacific
• Majority do not expect direct profits from these
  services

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Manufacturers operators

• 70 see rising demand for data connectivity
• Demand for wireless will follow terrestrial
  take-up and solution to safety concerns
• Emergence of market expected in 2 to 5 years
• 50 see wireless crew services as the key benefit
  to airlines
• Majority see passenger device configuration as a
  major hurdle
• Regional variations are important - Asia
  Pacific/Europe lead mobile usage with US leading
  data connectivity

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Network In the Sky Every aircraft is a network
node
For more information Ralph Yost Innovations
Research Division William J Hughes Technical
Center Atlantic City Airport, NJ 08405 (609)
485-5637 Ralph.Yost_at_faa.gov http//www.AirborneInt
ernet.com http//www.airborneinternet.net
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