Internet Server Platforms

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Internet Server Platforms

• Server Hardware
• Server Operating Systems
• Server Types
• Database Servers
• Application Servers
• Web Servers
• Special Purpose Servers

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Server Architectures

• SMP Architecture

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Server Architectures

• MPP Architecture

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Server Architectures

• VM Architecture

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Server Architectures

• VMWare (from EMC)
• Multiple Virtual Server Images on Single
  Physical Server
• Up to 15-to-1 Consolidation Ratio
• Can Pause an Image, Move It on the Fly to another
  Physical Server (same drivers, same hardware)
• Why?
• Isolation of apps
• Encapsulate image to disk, retrieve as needed

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Server Architectures

• Clusters
• Multiple nodes managed as a single system
• Fault tolerant, high availability, scalability
• Manageability software upgrades
• Shared Device
• All nodes have access to all hardware devices
  (i.e. disk)
• Requires DLM (Distributed Lock Manager) to
  resolve sharing conflicts
• Shared Nothing
• Each node owns its own disks
• Active-Active versus Active-Passive

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Server Architectures
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RAID

• Redundant Array of Independent Disks
• Why?
• Fault tolerant, high availability, scalability,
  redundancy
• No need to let disk failures cause system
  failures
• Concepts
• Striping
• Mirroring
• Parity

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RAID

• Striping improves performance
• Spread the data across multiple physical disks
• Avoid I/O bottlenecks, hot spots
• Foster parallel I/O activity
• Mirroring provides redundancy
• Write to multiple physical disks redundantly
• Spread the data across multiple physical disks
• Parity provides redundancy
• Can rebuild data upon disk failure
• If X 2 5, what is X?

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RAID

• Raid 0 Striping
• Raid 1 Mirroring
• Raid 0 1 Mirroring plus Striping
• Raid 5 Striping plus Parity

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Hardware Selection

• TPC benchmarks www.tpc.org
• TPC-C OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)
• TPC-H OLAP (Online Analytical Processing -
  Decision Support)

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Server Architectures

• History of UNIX
• 1971 First Edition from ATT Bell Laboratories
• 1975 BSD 1 was derived from version 6 in
• 1983 System V released by ATT
• 1984 X/Open formed in (Single specification)
• 1987 ATT joined with Sun to market System V
• 1991 Linus Torvalds creates Linux
• 1993 ATT sold UNIX Labs to Novell
• 1995 Novell sold UNIX labs to SCO
• 1996 The Open Group formed (OSF and X/Open)
• 1997 Single UNIX specification V2
• 1999 Linux 2.2 kernel released
• 2001 Single UNIX Specification V3

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Server Architectures

• What about LINUX?
• UNIX Many vendors, no standard
• Enter MS NT competing on large scale
• Enter LINUX Linus Torvalds in 1991
• Cloned UNIX for his PC
• Posted it on an FTP site
• Open Source, Free
• Enhancements and bug fixes donated by community

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Server Architectures

• UNIX versus Windows
• Initial Cost
• Ongoing costs of ownership
• Technical support, upgrades, patches
• Administrative Staffing
• Functionality
• Managing multi-users
• e-mail management
• Storage management
• Administration

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Server Architectures

• UNIX versus Windows
• Stability - reboots
• Performance under stress
• Scalability
• Compatibility
• Apps written for Windows versus Apps written for
  UNIX
• Security

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Server Architectures

• UNIX versus Windows
• Often comes down to FAMILIARITY

Hotmail, a free Web-based e-mail service, runs a
mixture of Sun Solaris and FreeBSD. Apache 1.2.1
is the Web server software. After Microsoft
purchased the company in December 1997, they
tried to migrate to NT, but ". . . the demands of
supporting 10 million users reportedly proved too
great for NT, and Solaris was reinstated.
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Internet Server Platforms

• Database Servers
• Application Servers
• Web Servers
• Special Purpose Servers

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Internet Server Platforms
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Internet Server Platforms

• Database Server
• Select a DBMS
• Oracle, DB2, Sybase, SQL Server, Informix
• MySQL (open source)
• Select an OS
• UNIX, Windows, etc.
• Select a hardware platform

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Internet Server Platforms

• Oracle versus SQL Server
• RAC Real Application Clusters
• Data Guard Stand By database
• Security (database and server)
• Read Consistency
• Workload Management

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Internet Server Platforms

• Application Server
• Provides platform to isolate the business logic
• Provides Development tools
• Provides common reusable code objects
• Oracle, IBM Websphere, Iplanet, BEA Weblogic

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Internet Server Platforms

• Web Server
• Provides http processing engine
• Provides Security (encryption)
• Provides web authoring and publishing tools
• Apache, MS IIS, SunOne, NCSA
• Special Purpose Servers
• Offload Encryption CPU Intensive
• Provides Load Balancing
• Monitoring Services for Performance and Traffic

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Server Architectures
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Server Architectures
Market Share for Top Servers Across All Domains
August 1995 - November 2006                    
                                           

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Internet Server Platforms

• Methodology for Making Server Selection
• Define Scope Requirements
• Prepare Scorecard
• Long List of Potential Vendors
• Obtain Vendor Information (RFP)
• Prepare RFP Scorecard
• Short List of Candidate Vendors
• Vendor References, Site Visits
• On-Site Demonstrations, Bake Off
• Product Trial Testing
• Cost/Benefit Analysis, Impact Analysis, TCO
  Estimate
• Recommendation

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Internet Servers
References
Source for web server usage stats, most
requested sites
www.netcraft.com
www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/ 05.08.97/cover/l
inus-9719.html
Great article on Linus Torvalds
John Kirchs thorough comparison of UNIX versus
MS Windows (NT)
www.kirch.net/unix-nt