Maailman sosiaalifoorumi WSF: Avoin tila vai liikkeiden liike

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Maailman sosiaalifoorumi WSF Avoin tila vai
liikkeiden liike?

• Politiikka uusiksi! luentosarja
• http//www.valt.helsinki.fi/blogs/spaces/politiikk
  a.htm
• 14.11.2007
• Mikael Rönkkö
• mikael.ronkko_at_helsinki.fi

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Johdantoa
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Charter of Principles (9.4.2004)

• WSF is an open meeting place for reflective
  thinking, democratic debate of ideas, formulation
  of proposals, free exchange of experiences and
  interlinking for effective action, by groups and
  movements of civil society that are opposed to
  neo-liberalism and to domination of the world by
  capital and any form of imperialism, and are
  committed to building a planetary society
  directed towards fruitful relationships among
  Mankind and between it and the Earth.

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• foundation for a more democratic global polity,
  since it enables citizens of many countries to
  develop shared values and preferences, to refine
  their analyses and strategies, and to improve
  their skills at transnational dialogue.1
• the Forums informal organizational frameworks
  and decentralized forms of authority serve to
  make it one of the most promising civil society
  processes that may both contribute significantly
  to global democratization initiatives and work to
  constitute such an initiative in itself.2
• forms a loosely defined party of opinion from
  which global parties could emerge and influence
  on world politics.3
• 1 Smith, Patty The World Social Forum and the
  challenges of global democracy. Global Networks 4
  (4), 413-421. pp. 420
• 2 Scott, Byrd C (2005)The Porto Alegre
  Consensus Theorizing the Forum Movement.
  Globalizations 2 (1), 151-163. pp. 158
• 3 Patomaki, Heikki Teivainen, Teivo (2004)
  The World Social Forum an open space or a
  movement of movements. Theory, Culture and
  Society 21 (6), 145-154. pp. 151

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Table 2 demonstrate relative size distribution of
the indications by respondents of movements in
which they are actively involved ( in terms of
number of participants who say they are actively
involved). (Riverside survey 2005)
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Thematic Areas and Sub-Areas Mumbai 2004

• 1. Militarism, War and Peace2. Media,
  Information, Knowledge and Culture3. Democracy,
  Ecological and Economic Security i Debt, finance
  and tradeii Land, Water and Food Sovereigntyiii
  Labour and World of Work in Production and Social
  Reproductioniv Social sectors -- food, health,
  education -- and social security4. Exclusions,
  Discrimination, Dignity, Rights and Equalityi
  Nation, State, citizenship, law and justiceii
  Caste, race and other forms of descent/work based
  exclusions iii Religion, culture and
  identitiesiv Patriarchy, Gender and Sexuality

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Methodology of WSF 2005 Porto Alegre

• 01. Assuring and defending Earth and peoples
  common goods as alternative to commodification
  and transnational control 02. Sovereign
  economies for and of people against neoliberal
  capitalism03. Peace, demilitarisation and
  struggle against war, free trade and debt04.
  Autonomous thought, reappropriation and
  socialisation of knowledge and technologies05.
  Defending diversity, plurality and identities06.
  Social struggles and democratic alternatives
  against neoliberal domination07. Ethics,
  cosmovisions and spiritualities resistances and
  challenges for a new world08. Communication
  counter-hegemonic practices, rights and
  alternatives09. Arts and creation weaving and
  building peoples resistance culture10. Human
  rights and dignity for a just and egalitarian
  world 11. Towards construction of international
  democratic order and peoples integrationThree
  transversal axles were also identified01.
  Social emancipation and political dimensions of
  struggles02. Struggle against patriarchal
  capitalism 03. Struggle against racism

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Selityksiä ja syitä
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Model of explanation of global justice movements
democracy view (Donatella della Porta
Demos-project)
POs Political Opportunities SOs Social
Opportunities COs Cultural Opportunities
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Moninaisten kansalaisliikkeiden aktivismi WSFn
taustalla

• Rauhanliike ja ympäristöliike 80-luvulta
• Globaalin Etelän protestiliikkeet
• Zapatistat - taitava informaatiostrategia
• NAFTA ja MAI
• Poikkikansallinen demokratialiikkeiden verkosto,
  battle of Seattle
• Demokratiakritiikkiä kaikilla tasoilla WTOn ja
  kansainvälisten rahoituslaitosten (IMF ja
  Maailmanpankki) politiikan sekä WSF ja G8
  kokouksien kritiikkiä
• Pariisi, Seattle, Washington, Praha, Melbourbe,
  Davos, Quebeck, Nizza, Birghminham, Köln
• Göteborgin ja Genovan väkivaltaisuudet
• WEF Davos
• Attac verkosto
• Globaali naisliike ja feminismi ja
  konstruktionismi
• Mielenosoitusten väkivalta ja reaktiivisuus
• gtproaktiivinen vaihtoehtofoorumi WSFille Etelässä

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Kansallisia poliittisia mahdollisuusrakenteita

• Brasilian ja Ranskan erityissuhde, Attac-yhteys
  Davosiin
• Työväenpuolue PTn keskeinen asema
• Rikas kansalaisyhteiskunta diktatuurin jälkeen
• Brasilian kansallinen WSF-komitea ainutlaatuinen
  vahva järjestöjen allianssi vahva ay-liike
  (CUT), laajapohjainen radikaali kansanliike
  (MST), poikkikansallinen verkosto Attac, NGOt
  (Abong), tutkimusjärjestö Ibase, vapautuksen
  teologi Chico Whitaker ja reilu liikemies Oded
  Grajew
• Porto Alegre, Rio Grande de Sul ja osallistava
  demokratia
• Latinalaisen Amerikan vasemmiston uusi nousu
  kuten bolivaarinen vallankumous ja zapatistat
• Argentiinan talouskriisi
• Latinalaisen Amerikan ulkopuolelta useimmat
  järjestöt Ranskasta ja Italiasta mitä niiden
  mahdollisuusrakenteet selittää?

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Ylikansallinen mahdollisuusrakenne (supranational)

• Globaalin kansalaisyhteiskunnan ja
  poikkikansallisten yhteiskunnallisten liikkeiden
  aihioita?
• Charles Tilly Sidney Tarrow 1
• Globalisaatio luo uhkia ja mahdollisuuksia mutta
  ei riittävän selittävä mekanismi tai prosessi
• Internationalisaatiosta syntyy monimutkaistuva
  suprakansallinen mahdollisuusrakenne
• Eräänlainen koralliriutta, jossa hallitukset,
  yhtiöt ja kansalaisyhteiskunnan toimijat uivat
• Maailman pieneneminen, kommunikaatioteknologia

1 Contentious Politics, Paradigm 2007
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Global Democracy Deficit
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Monarchization of democracy
Teivo Teivainen Enter Economism, Exit
Politics Experts, Economic Policy and the Damage
to Democracy.. London Zed Press, 2002
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Avoin tilavai liikkeiden liike
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open space"

• The World Social Forum is an open meeting place
  for reflective thinking, democratic debate of
  ideas, formulation of proposals, free exchange of
  experiences and interlinking for effective
  action. Methodology of the open space of WSF can
  be seen as a deliberative space of democracy.1

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• Avoimen tilan metodologiasta
• WSF ei ole pelkästään reaktiivinen ilmiö vaan
  (deliberatiivisen) demokratian laboratorio,
  vaihtoehtoisten demokratiakäsitysten koekenttä ja
  yhteiskunnallisten liikkeiden moninaisuuden
  hybridi ?
• Donatella della Porta what become interesting
  is how democracy is conceptualised in WSF arena
  and how it is implemented inside WSF. In WSF
  proposals are developed ranging from limited
  reforms to ambitious utopias for alternative
  democratic practices.
• WSF could be seen as an experimental arena of
  new models of democracy both in the internal
  structure and in the way WSF participants
  interact with political institutions.
• Recent research confirmed the high degree of
  critical debate on democracy presents in social
  movements and social forums internal democracy
  emerges as an important topic of discussion for
  the activists Past experiences are reflected
  upon, showing important learning processes,
  although no satisfactory solution seemed ready
  yet to address the main organizational dilemma
  (between e.g. participation versus efficacy,
  equality versus specialization, etc.).
• In other word, one could look at WSF as space
  for the elaboration of conceptions of democracy
  and first experimentation with them.

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• "deliberative democracy, which emphasizes
  participation and the quality of communication,
  is particularly relevant for a multifaceted,
  heterogeneous movement that incorporates many
  social, generational, and ideological groups as
  well as movement organizations from different
  countries."1
• 1 della Porta, Donatella (2005b) Making The
  Polis Social Forums and Democracy in The Global
  Justice Movement, Mobilization. An International
  Quarterly 10 (1)

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WSF eräänlainen paikallisten, kansallisten ja
poikkikansallisten yhteiskunnallisten liikkeiden
hybridi, monimuotoisen globaalin
kansalaisyhteiskunnan muotoutuva tila, josta voi
erottaa monia eritasoisia vastakkainasetteluja,
joista monet palautuvat eri kansalaisliikkeiden
traditioihin ja erilaisiin demokratiakäsityksiin

• Avoin tila vs liike
• horisontaalit vs vertikaalit
• puolue vs verkosto
• Kansallinen vs poikkikansallinen
• paikallinen vs globaali
• etelä vs pohjoinen
• nuoret vs vanhat, nais-mies
• NGOt vs kansanliikkeet
• vallankumous vs reformi
• Tavoittena valtaanpääsy vai deliberatiivinen
  demokratia
• Edustuksellinen vs osallistavat
  demokratiakäsitykset
• Partisipatiivinen vs deliberatiivinen demokratia
• Deliberatiivinen vs konstruktiivinen
  demokratiakäytäntö
• Esimerkkinä kiista foorumin luonteesta avoin
  tila vai liike

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• Forum was becoming "an institution unanchored in
  actual global political struggles, and this is
  turning it into an annual festival with limited
  social impact", that the WSF is under an
  illusion that it can stand above the fray, and
  this will lead to its becoming some sort of
  neutral forum, where discussion will increasingly
  be isolated from action. ."The WSF is at a
  crossroads. ... We must have a strategy of
  counter-power. 1
• 1 Bello, Walden (2007) The WSF is at a
  crossroads. Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF),
  International Relations Center, May 4, 2007,
  www.fpif.org

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• Chico Whitaker defends the concept of the open
  space in a open letter to the WSF International
  Council in march 2003
• At this stage of the evolution of the Forum, the
  question of whether the Forum is a space or a
  movement has become a fundamental question and
  choice For me, there is no doubt that it is
  fundamental to ensure at all costs the continuity
  of the Forum as a space and to not yield to the
  temptation of transforming it now or even later,
  into a movement. As an open space, the Forum
  has the possibility of ensuring respect for
  diversity, unlike if it were a movement. The
  principle of respecting diversity, adopted by the
  WSF Charter, is grounded on the conviction that
  one of the fundamental characteristics of the
  other world we intend to build must be respect
  for diversity. ...
• Chico Whitaker The WSF as Open Space, in Sen wt
  al 2004. Look also Chico Whitaker 2007, and
  Whitaker, Chico (2005) Desafio do Fórum Social
  Mundial, O Um modo de ver, Fundação Perseu
  Abramo Edições Loyola

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• Samir Amin presented his criticism of WSF in his
  letter to WSF International Council IC before
  Porto Alegre WSF 2005 2
• the "movement" is being seriously threatened of
  having reached a dead end and some people are
  trying to legitimate this option in principle....
  I am suggesting here the definition of common
  platforms, articulated around the double
  rejection of both neo-liberalism and militarized
  globalization under US control. To me, it is
  obvious that this alliance is excluding
  reactionary social movements, which calls for
  putting an end to ambiguous attitudes of
  important segment of the Left towards those
  movements. Failing that, social forums will
  become jumbles from which nothing can be
  expected. Of course, the dominant system is
  encouraging this option which enables it to let
  it known that it is "playing the game of
  democracy", actually a powerless democracy which
  is unable to produce consistent and efficient
  alternative political strategies, and in this way
  it strengthens its power.
• Samir Amins message to WSF International Council
  list. Subject Some toughts and proposal about
  World Social Forum, December 2005. Samir AMIN's
  letter to the WSF. http//www.forumtiersmonde.net
  /

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• Theory types Criteria for a good democratic
  public discourse
• Who In what sort How ideas Outcome of
• participates participates of process should
  be relation between
• presented discourse and
• decision-making
• Representa- Elite domi- Free market- Detachment
  Closure
• tive liberal nance place of ideas Civility
• Expertise Transparency
• Proportionality Samir
• Participatory Popular Empowerment Range of
  Avoidance Amin
• liberal inclusion styles of imposed
• closure
• Discursive Popular Deliberative Dialogue Avoidan
  ce
• Inclusion Mutual of premature,
• respect non-consensus-based
• Civility closure

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Competing conceptions of internal democracy in
WSF
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• (1) Do you think we need to reform capitalism or
  abolish it?
• Reform it 43.7 Abolish it and replace 56.3
• (2) In the long run, what do you think should be
  done about the existing international financial
  and trade institutions such as the IMF and the
  WTO?
• Negotiate with them 13.9 Abolish them 24.5
• Abolish and replace 58.9
• (3) Which of the following approaches would best
  solve the problems created by global capitalism?
• Strengthen local communities 53.4 Strengthen
  nation states 8.6
• Create democratic global institutions 25.6
• (4) "Overall the world needs less economic
  growth."
• Agree 58.7 Disagree 41.3
• (5) "The World Social Forum should remain as an
  open space for debate and should not itself take
  public positions on political issues."
• Agree 49.0 Disagree 51.0
• Ellen Reese, Mark Herkenrath, Chris Chase-Dunn,
  Rebecca Giem, Erika Gutierrez, Linda Kim, and
  Christine Petit Alliances and Divisions with
  the movement of movements survey findings from
  the 2005 World Social Forum, IROWS Working Paper
  29

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• Lisäinfoa
• Ephemeran erikoisnumero http//www.ephemeraweb.or
  g/journal/5-2/5-2biblio.htm
• NIGD http//www.nigd.org/
• Open space forum http//openspaceforum.net
• WSF2008 http//www.wsf2008.net/
• Euroopan sosiaalifoorumi http//www.fse-esf.org/
• Suomen sosiaalifoorumi http//www.sosiaalifoorumi
  .fi/
• International Ciranda of Independent Information
• http//www.ciranda.net/
• IPSin Terraviva-lehti http//www.ipsterraviva.net
  /
• Kysymyksiä, kommentteja, palautetta
• mikael.ronkko_at_helsinki.fi