Satish Kumar Skumarlbl'gov

1
International performance Measurement
Verification Protocol

• Satish Kumar (Skumar_at_lbl.gov)
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• U.N. Energy Workshop
• United Nations Building, New York City
• February 1-2, 2000
• IPMVP Web Site www.ipmvp.org

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IPMVP - Target Audience

• Facility Energy Managers, particularly public
  buildings
• ESCOs (Energy Service Companies)
• WASCOs (Water Service Companies)
• Development Banks
• Finance Firms
• Utility DSM Managers
• Building Managers
• State and Municipalities

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IPMVP - Objectives

• Reduce transaction costs by providing
  international, industry standard approach and
  methodologies to measure and verify energy
  savings and GHG emissions
• Replace multiple, incompatible protocols with
  single consensus approach
• Increase reliability and level of savings
• Project bundling and pooled financing
• Provide a way to update the standard for future
  needs

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IPMVP - Scope

• Addressing the MV needs of parties in energy and
  water efficiency projects
• Providing industry consensus MV options with
  varying levels of accuracy and cost for
• Baseline and project installations conditions
• Long-term energy and water savings performance
• Providing techniques for calculating
  whole-facility savings, individual technology
  savings, and stipulated savings
• Defining procedures which are
• Consistently applicable to similar projects
• Internationally accepted, impartial and reliable
• Defining a basis for GHG emissions calculations
  in building energy efficiency projects

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IPMVP - Intl Participating Organizations

• Instituto Nacional de Eficiência Energética,
  Brazil (INEE)
• Bulgarian Foundation for Energy Efficiency,
  Bulgaria (Eneffect)
• Canadian Association of Energy Service Companies,
  Canada (CAESCO)
• Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources
  Canada (NRC)
• Beijing Energy Efficiency Center, China (BECON)
• Electric Power Research Institute, China (EPRI)
• State Economic Trade Commission, China
• Stredisko pro efektivní vyuzívání energie, Czech
  Republic (SEVEn)
• Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de
  Energia,Mexico (CONAE)
• Fideicomiso de Apoyo al Programa de Ahorro de
  Energia del Sector Electrico, Mexico (FIDE)
• Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency, Poland
  (FEWE)
• Center for Energy Efficiency, Russia (CENEf)
• Tata Energy Research Institute, India (TERI )
• Ministry Of International Trade and Industry,
  Japan (MITI)
• Swedish Natioanl Board for Technical and Urban
  Development, Sweden (NUTEK)
• Association for the Conservation of Energy,
  United Kingdom (ACE)
• Agency for Rational Energy Use and Ecology,
  Ukraine (ARENA)

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IPMVP - US Participating Organizations

• Association of Energy Engineers (AEE)
• Association of Energy Services Professionals
  (AESP)
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
  Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
• American Water Works Association (AWWA)
• Building Owners Mangaement Association (BOMA)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• National Association of Energy Service Companies
  (NAESCO)
• National Association of Regulatory Utility
  Commissioners (NARUC)
• National Association of State Energy Officials
  (NASEO)
• National Realty Committee

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Uses of MV

• Determine energy savings (Level, Persistence, and
  Variability)
• Integrated with commissioning can provide
  feedback on performance of ECMs
• Long term feedback for on-going fine-tuning of
  ECMs
• Documentation for evaluating (and justifying)
  future ECMs
• Enhances Indoor Environmental Quality
• Basis for documenting emissions reductions and
  securing credits

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Benefits of Good MV

• Initial savings level
• Persistence of savings
• Variability

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MV - Engineering Need

• Measurement of energy use (pre- and post-EEM
  installation)
• Verification of the potential to generate savings
  in future - persistence
• Quantify energy savings
• Energy Saved Epre - Epost

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MV - Contractual Need

• Define risk and relate it to required accuracy
• Mitigate risk
• Reduce uncertainties
• Allocate risk
• Share of financial institution
• Share of ESCO
• Share of client
• Common thread - MV

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The Mechanics of Financing
Performance
Energy Service Provider
Government Agency
Government Contract Payments
Project Financing
Portion of Government Payments
Financier
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Benchmarking Performance
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Ways to Calculate Energy Savings

• Agreed-upon stipulations
• Engineering calculations
• Metering and monitoring
• Utility meter billing analysis
• Computer simulations, (example DOE-2 analysis)

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Sources of Uncertainty

• Errors associated with input parameters
• Biases in calculation algorithms
• Missing site-specific weather data
• Meter accuracy
• Short/long-term data extrapolation
• Sampling error

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Defining the Baseline

• Are existing conditions at facility stable?
• Operating conditions, e.g. occupancy
• Maintenance
• Is the load variable or constant?
• Can variables affecting load be identified?
• How long does the baseline have to be measured?
• What is the term of the contract

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Adjusting the Baseline

• Most baselines are not really constant and thus
  the baseline is usually defined as a model
• Define (before the fact) what influences the
  baseline and when will it be modified, e.g.
• Existing lighting, thermal, indoor environment
  quality conditions
• Typical vs. actual weather
• Typical vs. actual occupancy
• Define how baseline will be adjusted, e.g.
• lighting levels to conform to IES standards
• thermal comfort parameters to comply with ASHRAE
  55

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Three Typical Time Periods
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Actual vs. Baseline Scenarios
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MV Options in the IPMVP

• Option A stipulated baseline and savings
• Verified equipment performance (Watts, kW/ton)
• Option B measured/stipulated baseline, verified
  performance
• Estimating tool calibrated with end-use data
• Option C comparison of similar buildings with
  and without ECMs using whole building data
  (hourly or monthly)
• Utility billing analysis
• Option D stipulated baseline, verified
  performance
• Simulation model calibrated with whole building
  data

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Overview of MV Options - 1

• Option A (1-5 of project construction cost)
• Properly defined baseline conditions
• Focuses on physical assessment of equipment
  changes
• Reliance on historical data for operational
  factors (run time hours etc.)
• Use of spot or short-term measured data to
  estimate performance factors
• Option B (3-10 of project construction cost)
• Properly defined baseline conditions
• Verifying energy and cost data obtained during
  term of agreement
• Use of long-term or continuously measured data
  for both performance (Watts, kW/ton) and
  operational factors
• MV can be performed at the equipment or system
  level and goes on for the term of the project

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Overview of MV Options - 2

• Option C (2-5 of project construction cost)
• Properly defined baseline conditions
• Savings are determined at the whole-building
  level
• Reliance on a combination of utility billing
  analysis and sub-metered data for calculations.
• Option D (1-3 of project construction cost)
• Properly defined baseline conditions
• Savings are determined through simulation of
  individual system or whole-building
• Simulation model is calibrated with hourly or
  monthly utility billing data and/or end-use
  metering
• Used for new buildings and complex existing
  building systems

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Examples - Lighting Retrofits (Efficiency
Control Improvements)

• kWhsavings (kWpre kWpost) x (hrspre hrspost)

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Sample Example - Load Reduction

• Pre-retrofit Conditions
• Building - 100,000 sq. ft.
• Initial Lighting Load 3 watts per sq. ft.
• Assumed lighting energy to heat conversion 80
• Cooling Load 240 kW or 67 tons.
• Post-retrofit (Energy Efficient Lighting)
  conditions
• Initial Lighting Load 1.2 watts per sq. ft.
• Cooling Load 96 kW or 27 tons.
• Cooling Load Reduction 144kW or 40 tons

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IPMVP Uses

• ESCO industry standard
• Federal buildings through FEMP
• Adoption by states
• By multi-lateral development banks as a key
  design element in large scale energy efficiency
  loans
• For determining reduction of greenhouse gasses

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IPMVP Translation

• Bulgarian
• Chinese
• Czech
• Japanese
• Korean
• Polish
• Portuguese
• Russian
• Spanish
• Ukrainian

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How to Get a Copy of IPMVP

• For hard copies, call Energy Efficiency and
  Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (EREC)
• 1800-DOE-EREC
• Electronic download (in Word and PDF)
• www.ipmvp.org/download.html
• For miscellaneous information
• SKumar_at_lbl.gov
• 202-484-0884 x110