Lecture 2 Sat May 17

1
Lecture 2 Sat May 17

• Concepts in Meteorology
• Weather Instrumentation
• Weather on the Internet

2
Concepts in Meteorology Heat/Energy

• THEN the heat needs to move around Air and
  Water pg. 22
• SENSIBLE HEAT
• LATENT HEAT
• Temperature is NOT Heat!!!
• Temperature vs Heat Index vs. Wind Chill pg 26
  More on this later

3
Concepts in Meteorology

• We need to know where, when and how much
• Unit Conversion (handout, exercise)
• Unit Table (handout)
• Distance
• Time
• Standard Time (GMT) (formerly zulu time) 6 to
  CST or 5 to CDT
• Temperature (not heat!)
• Degrees Fahrenheit
• Degrees Celsius
• Kelvin
• Rankien (Fahrenheit to Rankine, add 459.67.)

4
More Concepts

• Scales in the Atmosphere (handout)
• Temporal Scales Micro-, Meso-, Synoptic-Scale
• Spatial Scales
• What is Normal Weather (handouts)
• Physical vs. Political Map Features.
• (handouts) (much more on this later!).
• Math Review

5
Weather Instrumentation

• The Big Question What are we measuring?
• Everything we can!
• Temperature (already talked about the scales)
• Its the response to some material to a change in
  the amount of energy in something (air for us
  usually)
• Types of Thermometers
• Liquid
• Alcohol, mercury, other stuff (FREEZING/BOILING
  point)
• Bi-Metallic
• Thermistor
• Unusual density, chemical strips
• Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, Rainken
• 2 meter

6
Instruments II

• Wind
• Sock
• Anemometer
• Venturi (Pressure)
• Doppler
• Radar
• Optical
• Knots, MPH, km/hr
• 10 m

7
Instruments III

• Moisture
• Sling Psychrometer
• Hair Hygrometer
• Chilled Mirror
• Capacitance
• Chemical - Carbon Hygristor
• Dew Point (expressed as a temperature)
• Relative Humidity ()
• Actual amount of water (g/kg) others!
• At 2 m

8
Instruments IV

• Pressure
• Barometer
• Mechanical
• Liquid
• Mercury, Alcohol
• Piezoelectric
• mb, inches of Hg, mm of Hg (feet of water)

9
Instruments V

• Rainfall
• Collection Bucket
• Tipping Bucket Raingauge
• Weighing Bucket
• Optical raingauge
• Distronometer
• Siphon gauge
• Ground level
• Inches, cm, mm (feet in OK!)

10
Instruments VI

• Radiation radiometer
• Photovoltaic
• Lens and paper etc.
• Visibility - laser/light, person
• Soil Moisture/Temperature - similar to temp and
  moisture
• Leaf Wetness complex
• Evaporation
• Cloud Heights/Coverage/Type - lydar and visual
  (people)

11
Instruments VII

• Remote Sensing
• Radar
• Reflectivity how much
• Velocity - toward or from the radar
• Spectral Width - turbulence
• Polarity (dual pole) ice, drop size
• Satellite
• Polar Orbiting vs. Geostationary (Arthur C.
  Clark)
• Visible (day only)
• IR (always)
• Water Vapor (water higher in the atmosphere)

12
Instruments VIII

• Soundings
• Temp, Humidity, Pressure, Height, (Winds)
• Twice a Day around the planet
• Balloon Borne
• Upper Air Information
• Vertical Profilers (Doppler radar pointing up)
• Sound and Radar
• Microburst Detection Airports!

13
Homemade Instruments

• Pop Bottle Thermometer
• Mason Jar Barometer
• Handouts!

14
Your Instruments

• Cloud Chart
• Cloud 10ths ? Appearance in Visible Sky!
• Cloud Type
• Wind
• Direction convention
• Use of device
• Temperature/Sling Psychrometer
• Wet Bulb
• Chart
• (Distilled Water)
• OUTDOOR Exercise (First thing in the morning)

15
Weather on the Internet

• Handout
• Surface Conditions
• Radar
• Satellite
• Upper Air
• Forecast Products -- computer models and manual
  products a FIREHOSE of information! Quiz 2