Latino

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• Latino
• Achievement in America

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• Between 1970 and 1990, the achievement gap
  between Latino and White students narrowed by one
  half or more.
• Since 1990, the gap has been flat, or in some
  subjects, is wider.

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Gap Narrows, Then Holds SteadyMath Scores, 13
Year-Olds
Source US Department of Education, National
Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1 999
Trends in Academic Progress (p. 108) Washington,
DC US Department of Education, August 2000
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Gap Narrows, Then Progress Stops Reading, 17
Year-Olds
Source US Department of Education, National
Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1999 Trends
in Academic Progress (p. 107) Washington, DC US
Department of Education, August 2000
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The achievement gap

• How far has the system left Latino students
  behind?

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Nationally, 4th Grade Latinos Lag Behind Their
White Peers in Reading (2003)
Source USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables
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And Things Are Similarin 8th Grade Mathematics
(2003)
Source USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables
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The results of the Latino achievement gap by the
end of high school?
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Latino 17 Year Olds Have Been Taught Math to the
Same Levelsas White 13 Year Olds
Source NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends Summary Tables
(online)
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Latino 17 Year Olds Have BeenTaught to Read to
the Same Levelsas White 13 Year Olds
Source Source NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends
Summary Tables (online)
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The consequences of the achievement gap reach
beyond high school
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College going rates for Latino and White students
are close
Source US Department of Commerce, Bureau of
Census, October Current Population Surveys,
1972-2000, in US DOE, NCES, The Condition of
Education 2002, p.166 and 174.
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But BA completion rates are greater for Whites
than for Latinos
Source US Department of Commerce, Bureau of
Census, October Current Population Surveys,
1972-2000, in US DOE, NCES, The Condition of
Education 2002, p.166 and 174.
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Regardless of Race/Ethnicity, More Than 9 in 10
Students in Grades 6-12 and Their Parents Expect
the Student to Attend Postsecondary Ed.
Source NCES, Getting Ready to Pay for College,
September 2003.
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Add it all up...
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Of Every 100 White Kindergartners
(25-to 29-Year-Olds)
Source US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census. March Current Population Surveys,
1971-2001, in The Condition of Education 2002.
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Of Every 100 Latino Kindergartners
(25-to 29-Year-Olds)
Source US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census. March Current Population Surveys,
1971-2001, In The condition of Education 2002.
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It doesnt have to be this way!
Latino children will rise to the challenge when
its presented to them
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Latino students ARE succeedingin some schools ...
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Hambrick Middle School,Aldine, TX

• 72 Latino (state 42)
• 22 African American (state 14)
• 85 low-income (state 50)

Source Texas Education Agency Web site.
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Hambrick Middle School, Aldine, TX
Source Texas Education Agency Web site.
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Hambrick Middle School,Aldine, TX

• Has performed in the top fifth of all Texas
  middle schools in both reading and math in both
  7th and 8th grades over a 3-year period.

Source Texas Education Agency Web site.
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Some districts...
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Pueblo, CO Raising Achievement for Students
While Narrowing Gaps, Reading 3rd Grade
State Average 2003 74
Source Pueblo District 60
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Scale Score
There is an 18 point gap between Los Angeles
and Houston (equivalent to almost 2 years worth
of learning)
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Education Statistics, National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP), 2002 Trial Urban
District Reading Assessment.
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And some entire states...
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Latino 8th Graders in Some States are Making Much
Better Gains than the National Average in Math
Gains Between 2000 and 2003
Source USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP)
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Delaware Gains in Grade 4 ReadingOutpace the
Nation, 1998-2003
Change in Average Scale Score
Source NCES, National Assessment of Educational
Progress
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Latinos in Ohio Perform as Well or Better Than
Whites in 21 States (2003 NAEP 8th Grade Reading)
Scale Score
Source NCES, National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP)
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What do we know about the places that are
improving results for Latino students?
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Element 1 Clear, high goals for all students and
curriculum aligned to those goals
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Transcript Study single biggest predictor of
college success isthe quality and intensity of
students high school curriculum

• Cliff Adelman, Answers in the Tool Box, U.S.
  Department of Education 1999.

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Curriculum CountsChances for Bachelors
Degreeby High School Grads
Percentage
Source Adlesman, Clifford, Answers in the tool
Box, U.S. Department of Education, 1999. Table
40 Bachelors degree completion rates for
students in the top two quintiles ... who entered
4-year colleges directly from on-time high school
graduation by race.
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Element 2 Extra instruction for students who
need it
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When Kids Are Behind, Schools Must Provide More
Instruction and Support

• Kentucky provides extra time for struggling
  students in high-poverty schools
• Maryland offers extra dollars for 7th and 8th
  graders who need more support
• Indiana gives schools extra funding to provide
  instruction for students struggling to meet state
  standards

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Element 3 Good teaching matters more than
anything else
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Source Boston Public Schools, High School
Restructuring, March 9, 1998.
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Cumulative Effects On Students Math Scores
Dallas (Grades 3-5)
Source Heather Jordan, Robert Mendro, Dash
Weerasinghe, Teacher Effects On Longitudinal
Student Achievement 1997.
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Student gains over 3 years
Source Sanders, William L. and Rivers, Joan C
Cumulative and Residual Effects of Teachers on
Future Student Academic Achievement, 1996,
Figure 1, p.12
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But students who need these resources do not
always get them
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Latino students get less than their fair share of
qualified teachers ...
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Minority Students Get More Inexperienced Teachers
Teachers with 3 or fewer years of experience.
High and low refer to top and bottom
quartiles. Source National Center for Education
Statistics, Monitoring Quality An Indicators
Report, December 2000.
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More Math Classes in High-Minority High Schools
are Taught by Teachers Lacking a Major in the
Field
Source Richard M. Ingersoll, University of
Pennsylvania. Original analysis for the Ed Trust
of 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey.
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More Courses in High-Latino High Schools Taught
by Out-of-Field Teachers
Teachers lacking a college major in the field.
Data for high school core academic classes
only. Source Richard M. Ingersoll, University of
Pennsylvania. Unpublished data from original
analysis for the Ed Trust of 1999-2000 Schools
and Staffing Survey.
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Less access to high-level curriculum ...
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Fewer Latino students are enrolledin Algebra 2
Source CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and
Mathematics Education, 2001
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Fewer Latino students are enrolled in chemistry
Source CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and
Mathematics Education, 2001
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.. and fewer funds
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In 31 of 47 states, districts enrolling the
highest proportions of minority students have
substantially fewer state local dollars per
student than districts with the lowest
percentages of minority students.
Source The Education Trust. Analysis by Greg
F.Orlofsky based ib 1999-2000 Department of
Education and U.S. Census Bureau data.
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Funding gap in some states with large Latino
population
State Gap Per Pupil Gap Per 400-pupil School
New York 2,034 813,600
Texas 1,068 427,200
Illinois 965 386,000
state local funds between high and
low-minority districts. District funding levels
adjusted for local price differences and the
additional cost of educating low-income students
and students with disabilities
Source The Education Trust. Analysis by Greg
F.Orlofsky based in 1999-2000 Department of
Education and U.S. Census Bureau data.
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Given what we know, what would happen if we had
the courage to change these patterns?
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Researchers John Kain and Eric Hanushek have
found that having an above average teacher for
five years in a row can completely close the
achievement gap.
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NCLB Can Help Communities Bolster Latino
Academic Achievement

• Under this Powerful New Law You have

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You have the right to clear honest information,
including

• all school information regarding your childs
  education in Spanish
• your childs performance in mathematics and
  reading/language arts
• your childs school overall performance in
  comparison to state standards
• your schools performance with groups of
  students, including Latinos and English language
  learners
• the qualifications of your childs teacher

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Options for better educational opportunities or
services for your child

• If your childs school does not meet statewide
  goals for 2 years in a row, you have the right to
  transfer your child to a higher performing school
  in the district
• If the school does not meet its goals for 3
  years, children from low-income families are
  entitled to supplemental services
• If you request it, the school must have regular
  meetings with you to discuss your concerns about
  your childs education.

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More options and control for parents of
English-language learners

• If your child is placed in a special program to
  learn English, the school has to notify you of
  the following
• your childs level of English proficiency
• a description of the recommended program and any
  other programs available
• when the school expects the child to join the
  regular program in English
• the expected high school graduation rate of
  students who participate in the program

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More options and control for parents of
English-language learners (contd)

• If your child is not making adequate progress
  toward full English proficiency you must be
  notified within 30 days
• If you are not satisfied with the English
  learning program you can choose another program
  or insist that your child be placed in regular
  academic program

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NCLB gives parents a strong voice to advocate for
their children These are only some of the ways
NCLB can help you ensure that Latino children get
a good public school education
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The Education Trust

• For More Information . . .
• www.edtrust.org
• 202-293-1217