' Tripod

1

• ???????? ?????
• ??? ?-20

2
????? ?????? ????????? ???????- 10 ?????
??????? "?????????? ??????" ??????? ?? ????
?????? ?? ???? ?- 20
3
1. ????? 1-??????
??? ????? ?????? ?????. 1900 - 1930.
????? - ????? 2 .
???? ????? ??????? ?????? (?????, ????? ????,
????? ??????). 1930 - 1950.
3. ????? 3- ???????
????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????.1950-1975
4. ????? 4- ?????
????? ???? ?????. ????? ?- Tripod ????? ???????
?? ?????????? ??????. (???? ?????? ?- Active
Construal) ??????? ???????? (????? ??????,
??????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ????????).
4
????? ?????? 30 ???? ????????
Triplett(1897)-?????? ?? ????? ???? ??
????? Ringelmann(1913)- ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????
?"?-?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????,
??????? ???? ???? (Young), ??????? ????? ???????
((Dunlap, ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (Alport)
???????????? ????? ???? ????
5
????? ?????? 1960-1930
????? ???? ????? ?????? ????"? ??????.
?????????, ?????, ????? ?????-???? (????? ???,
???? ?????) ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

• ??????? ???? ????????????
• ??????? ?????????? ???????
• ?? ?????? ??????.

6
-1935????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
?????? ???????????-Sherif
??? ?????

• ????? ????? ?? ?????
• ???? ????? ????? ??????
• ??? ????? ????? ??????

7
2
???? ?-40 Kurt Lewin

• ??????? ????

• BF(FS)

• ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????

• There is nothing more practical than a good theory

??????? 1.???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
??????? 2.(1939) Lewin, Lippit White-???????
??????????, - Laissez Faire????????
8
Personality and Social Behavior
Adorno et.al., Authoritarian Personality

• Authoritarianism
• The story begins in the early 1940s Sanford at
  Berkley. Later Sanford, Levinson,
  Frankel-Brunswick Adorno.
• Stage 1 Clinical interviews Rorshach testing
• Developing an Ethnocentrism scale. Correlated .80
  with AS.
• THUS There is something more basic and deep than
  merely AS.

9

• Freudian background Rigid superego, weak ego,
  wild id.
• A syndrome (9 symptoms)
• Conventionalism (e.g., An ill-mannered person can
  expect to be accepted within decent company)
• Authoritarian Submission (e.g., We must believe
  in a super power to which we must obey)
• Authoritarian aggression (e.g., Sex offenders
  must be lashed in public)
• Anti-intraception (e.g., when in a problem-
  divert yourself)
• Stereotypical thinking and prejudice (e.g.,
  astrology can probably explain a lot)
• Power and toughness (e.g., nothing will stop a
  strong-willed man)
• Destruction and cynicism (e.g., at the end
  everyone is after a fast buck)
• Projection ( most people do not know how their
  lives are governed by secret intrigues)
• Sex (the orgies in Rome and Greece are nothing
  compared to what goes on today).

10

• Research supported the role of the F-Scale in
  making judgments
• (e.g., Mitchell Byrne- High F judge more
  harshly a dissimilar other, and more leniently a
  similar other In Milgrams paradigm- High Fs
  obeyed more)
• Criticism
• Methodological critique (one sidedness of items)
• Theoretical critique F of the right and the
  left. Real variable Cognitive rigidity.

11
3

• ???? ?50/60 ????? ????, ????? ??????.
• ????? ???? ???"? ??????.

?????????? ????, ??????????? ?????? ????, ?????
????? ??????
12
Leon Festinger
1950 ??????? ????????-?????? ?????? 1954
??????? ?????? ?????? 1952???????

• ??????? ?????? ?????? "??? ??? ????? ?????"

• ???????-???? ????
• ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????

13
Thibaut Kelley (1959) ??????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????? ????? ???-??????
Heider (1958) ????? ?????, ?????? ????. ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ??-??? Kelley ? JonesDevis
???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????
14
????? ???????? 1980-1960
????? ??????

• ????? ????????? (?35 ????? ??????)

• Journal of Personality and Social Psychology-1965

• ????? ????? ???????? ??????????

• ?????? ?? ????
• ???? ???????????

• ????? ?????
• ???????
• ???? ?????
• ????? ???-????? ?????? ?????????

15
??? ?
?- Zeitgeist ?? ???? ?-60. Darley Latene
(1968) Milgram (1963) Milgram (1974)

• ????? ?????
• ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????
• ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???
• ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???
• ??????????? ????-
• ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????

16
?????? ??? "???? ??????"
?????? ????? ???? ???? -60
fun games???? ?- -Ring (1967).1 ???? ?? ?????
?????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????.
2. ????? ???????????
Demand Characteristics Experimenter Effect
A Social Psychology of Psychology Sophomores
Ethical issues
Social Psychology as History
17
????? ?????? 1995-1970

• ?????? ???????????.
• ????? ?????-??????? ??????? ???? ?????
• ?????? ?? ??????? ??????-???????????
• ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????
• ??????-???????????
• "?????? ?????"
• ?????? ???? ???????????

"?????? " ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
"??????? ???????" -?????? ????? , ?????
????. ?????? ????????  
18
The Tripod of Social Psychology- RossNisbett
(1991)
Principle of Situationism
????? ???? ??????? ??????? Lewin et. al.(1939)
?? ????? ???? ?
??
Channel Factors
????? Levental, Singer Ross(1965)
????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? Channel
Factors- ??????
19
2
Principle of Active Construal (?????? ??????)
?. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
??????? "????????????"
" ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????" "??? ?? ?????" ???
??????"??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????"
?. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????
"???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????"
?. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????
"??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????
?????-????"
20
?. ???? ?????? ???????
????? ????, ??? ????
" ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????" "?? ??? ?????
?????"
??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? "???
???? 41, ?????? ???? ?? ???????.??? ???? ??????
????? ???? ????? ????. " ?? ????? ?????? " ???
????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ???- ??? ?????? ????
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????-???? ????? ?????.
"
????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????.
??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ?????.  
21
?. ????? ??? ?????? (Tension System)
????? ??????? ???????- ????? ??????
?????? ???- ?- Default ????? ???? ?????, ??
????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ?????- ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????
??????.
22
????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????
?? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ??????, ??????? ???????
?????? ?????????? "???? ??????" , ????? ????.

• ????? ???? ??????? ?????

• ???"?-??????