Battle of New York

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Battle of New York

• General Howe and Admiral Howe led the largest
  British forces ever assembled. 32, 000 Brits to
  23, 000 Americans
• Major defeat for Americans
• Washington forced to retreat to PA
• GW only had 8000 men lefttheir enlistments due
  to expire

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American Win at Trenton and PrincetonHowe(s) do
not pursuing GWs army

• Spring 1777Gen. Howe attempts to capture
  Philadelphia..the American capital
• Continental Congress runs from city when Howe
  lands in late August 1777
• Battle of Brandywine ends in American defeat
• Philadelphia is now is British hands

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BATTLE OF SARATOGA
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• Isolate New England from rest of states
• 3 prong attack
• General Burgoyne come south from Canada
• Colonel Barry St. Leger would flank from the west
• General Howe would move north up the Hudson
• All to meet at Albany

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Howe didnt follow throughstayed to Philly
instead
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• St. Leger forced to turn back
• Burgoyne successful at Fort Ticonderoga
• Meet a lot of resistance from local militia
• Battered by Gates for 5 days, Burgoyne
  surrendered his entire army
• turning point of war

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Colonial response to Burgoyne

• Gen. Horatio Gates in command of American army
• Militiamen and Continental soldiers in his
  command
• Ethan Allen Green Mountain Boys attacked
  Burgoyne in Bennington, VT

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Benedict Arnold

• American general instrumental in the American win
  at Saratoga
• He never felt he received the recognition he
  deserved
• Ultimately went over to the British and got paid
  for his effortsconsidered American traitor

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Alliance with France

• Treaty of Alliance 1778 with France
• France--Declared war on G.B.
• Marquis dLafayette

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SPAIN TO THE RESCUE

• Joined war against Br. In 1779
• Port of New Orleans opened to Americans

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Valley Forge and Monmouth

• Valley Forge winter terribleover 3,000 American
  soldiers died
• Baron von Steuben
• Washington went in pursuit of General Clinton
  (who was going to NY)

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• On way, clash at Monmouth Court HouseAmerican
  victory

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War in the South

• General Clinton thought large population of
  loyalists would result in easy victory
• British did easily take Georgia, and then South
  Carolina
• Charleston greatest Patriot defeat of war
• Cornwallis is left in command

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• Nathanael Greene becomes head of CC in Oct. 1780
• Used guerrilla tactics
• Francis Swamp Fox Marioncrushed Cornwallis at
  Kings Mountain, SC
• 1781Cornwallis again defeated at Cowpens

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by March 1781 Cornwallis, having lost 25 of his
army pulls back to North CarolinaAugust 1781,
Patriots led by Lafayette and Baron von Steuben
followed Cornwallis to Yorktown
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Surrender at Yorktown

• French reinforcements come to Yorktown
• Washington and Rochambeau trap Cornwallis 9,000
  men (Americans have 17,000)
• Cornwallis trapped for 3 weeks
• October 19, 1781 he surrenders

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TREATY OF PARIS, 1783

• Avoiding French influence, Americans worked out a
  peace with Britain
• Terms
• Recognized American independence
• Miss. R. opened to both countries
• Americans could fish off coast of Canada

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• British withdraw troops from America
• Americans pledged Congress would recommend
  states allow Loyalists to sue for lost property

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