R aw E nergy A ctive L iving

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R aw E nergy A ctive L iving

• The Nutritional Physical Benefits of Edible
  Gardens
• Presented by
• Deanne McMullen
• Giuliano Perez

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• Session Outline
• Warm up activity
• What are the recommendations?
• Nutritional content of fruit and vegetables
• Nutrient depletion in fresh fruit and
  vegetables
• Benefits of authentic learning experiences
• What is the evidence for edible gardens?
• Tasting sensation
• Physical activity and the garden

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• WARM
• UP!!

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What are the Recommendations?

• Australian Dietary Guidelines for Children
  Adolescents
• Encourage and support breastfeeding
• Children and adolescents need sufficient
  nutritious foods to grow and develop normally
• Growth should be checked regularly for young
  children
• Physical activity is important for all children
  and adolescents.
• Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods
• Children and adolescents should be encouraged to
  
• Eat plenty of vegetables, legumes and fruit.
• Eat plenty of cereals (including breads, rice,
  pasta and noodles), preferably wholegrain.
• Include lean meat, fish, poultry and/or
  alternatives.
• Include milks, yoghurts, cheese and/or
  alternatives. Reduced fat milk is not recommended
  for children under two years, because of their
  high energy needs, but reduced fat varieties
  should be encouraged for older children and
  adolescents.
• Choose water as a drink. Alcohol is not
  recommended for children

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What are the Recommendations?

• Australian Dietary Guidelines for Children
  Adolescents cont
• and care should be taken to
• Limit saturated fat and moderate total fat
  intake. Low fat diets are not suitable for
  infants
• Choose foods low in salt.
• Consume only moderate amounts of sugars and foods
  containing added sugars

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What are the Recommendations?
Vegetables and Fruits Number of Serves per day
Vegetables legumes Fruit
4 7 years 2 1
8 11 years 3 1
12 18 years 4 3
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What are the Recommendations?

• Serving Sizes
• Starchy vegetables
• 1 med potato/yam, ½ med sweet potato, 1 med
  parsnip
• Dark green leafy vegetables
• ½ c cabbage, spinach, silverbeet, broccoli,
  cauliflower, brussels sprouts
• Legumes other vegetables
• 1 c lettuce or salad vegetables
• ½ c broad beans, lentils, green beans, zucchini,
  mushrooms, tomatoes, capsicum, cucumber,
  sweetcorn, turnips, swede, sprouts, celery,
  eggplant, etc

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What are the Recommendations?

• Serving Sizes
• Fruit
• 1 piece med size fruit, e.g. apple, orange,
  mango, mandarin, banana, pear
• 2 pieces smaller fruit, e.g. apricots, kiwi,
  plum, fig
• About 8 strawberries
• About 20 grapes or cherries
• ½ c fruit juice
• ¼ med melon, e.g. rockmelon
• Dried fruit, e.g. 4 dried apricot halves
• 1 ½ tbsp sultanas
• 1 c diced pieces / canned fruit

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Go for 2 5 Campaign

• Population-based messages
• Poor diet is a key risk factor for overweight
  and obesity
• Evidence that eating the recommended amount of
  fruit and vegetables contributes to good health,
  reduces overweight, and protects against a number
  of diseases

• In the Classroom
• Ensure positive messages about eating more fruits
  and vegetables daily
• Avoid focusing on overweight and obesity as the
  reason for improved eating habits

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Nutritional Content of Fruit and Vegetables

• Fibre
• Soluble
• Insoluble
• Resistant starch
• Vitamins
• Vitamin A (retinol)
• B-carotene
• Vitamin C

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Nutritional Content of Fruit and Vegetables

• Minerals
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Iron zinc (legumes)
• Antioxidants
• Lycopenes
• Vitamins A, C, E
• Carotenoids
• Lutein
• Flavonoids
• Isoflavonoids
• Indoles
• Anthocyanins

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Links between Disease Risk and Consumption of
Fruit and Vegetables

• Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has
  been linked with a marked decrease in
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cancer
• Type 2 diabetes
• CVA (stroke)
• Constipation
• Obesity (link is probable)

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The Fresh is Best Debate
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Nutrient Depletion over Time
Green Beans
Spinach
Source www.choice.com.au
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Nutrient Depletion over Time
Tomatoes
Corn
Source www.choice.com.au
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Nutrient Depletion over Time
Broccoli
Source www.choice.com.au
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Food Miles

• Definition
• Put simply, 'food miles' is a measure of how far
  food travels - from paddock to plate - and is an
  indication of how environmentally-friendly it is.
  Food freight - especially by air and road -
  consumes fuel and energy, and releases greenhouse
  pollution, affecting the global climate
• (Australian Conservation Foundation)
• The more food miles fruits and vegetables have
  done, the lower the nutritional value due to time
  in transit
• ? Fruit and vegetables eaten fresh from the
  garden will have the highest nutritional content
  possible

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New Labelling Laws

• Revised labelling requirements for unpackaged
  fresh food, unpackaged processed food and fresh
  food in packages
• Standard 1.2.11 Country of Origin Requirements
• declaration on a label or a sign near the food
  that states country of origin, and not just the
  word imported. These products, if produced
  locally, must be labelled as Product of
  Australia
• ? Therefore it will be easier to tell if fruit
  and vegetables are grown locally

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Authentic Learning Experiences

• Authentic learning experiences are those that are
  personally relevant from the learners
  perspective and situated within appropriate
  social contexts.
• The idea is that knowledge and skills are learnt
  in contexts that reflect the way they will be
  useful in real life
• Connectedness to the world a combination of
  real-world public problems, and students
  personal experiences

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What is the Evidence??

• Based on the literature, the key benefits that
  school gardening can deliver are
• enhanced nutrition
• access to fresh/better tasting food
• enjoyment of nature
• improved overall health
• enhanced mental health
• improved food security
• self-expression and fulfilment
• recreation
• stress relief
• practice of traditional culture
• physical activity

Source Growing Communities School Community
Garden Project
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Further References

• School-based community gardens Re-establishing
  healthy relationships with food
• Shawn Somerset PhD, Richard Ball, Melanie Flett
  Rebecca Geissman
• Journal of the HEIA Vol 12, No. 2, 2005
• Evaluation of the Outreach School Garden Project
  Building the capacity of two Indigenous remote
  school communities to integrate nutrition into
  the core curriculum
• Antonietta Viola
• Health Promotion Journal jof Australia, 2006 17
  (3)
• The Effects of School Gardens on Students and
  Schools Conceptualization and Considerations for
  Maximizing Healthy Development
• Emily J. Ozer PhD
• Health Education and Behaviour, Vol. XX(X) 1-18
• Community Gardens Lessons Learned from
  California Healthy Cities and Communities
• Joan Twiss, MA, Joy Dickinson, BS, CHES, Shirley
  Duma, MA, Tanya Kleinman, BA, Heather Paulsen,
  MS, and Liz Rilveria, MPA
• American Journal of Public Health, September
  2003, Vol 93, No. 9

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• TASTING
• SENSATION!!!

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Physical Activity and the Garden

• For gardening to be identified as a 'positive'
  physical activity source - the energy applied
  needs to be 'moderate - vigorous' for 20-30
  minutes to realise associated benefits
• Most gardening groups consist of one person
  'doing' and several 'watching'
• To be a 'physical' focused activity it would need
  planning and opportunity
• Try to incorporate projects involving major work
  (digging, lifting, toting, sawing etc) such as
  landscaping
• These activities would need gross motor skill
  usage and would require strength, coordination,
  power and possibly stamina

Source Healthy Schools Van
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Physical Activity and the Gardencont

• A consideration could be for those who do little
  or nothing - this is a start to getting involved
  and being 'more active'.
• This could result if 'channeled' well into future
  benefits for the student - BUT this would not
  really be categorised as a physical activity
  outcome in the first sense, even though it could
  have a variety of positive personal outcomes for
  a student.
• Gardening could be used as an activity to realise
  a number of outcomes in a several key learning
  areas - the physical activity area would be the
  lesser (least) of the beneficiaries. 

Source Healthy Schools Van
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