Business Research Methods William G' Zikmund

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Business Research MethodsWilliam G. Zikmund

• Chapter 22
• Bivariate Analysis -
• Tests of Differences

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Common Bivariate Tests
Type of Measurement
Differences between two independent groups
Differences among three or more independent groups
Interval and ratio
Independent groups t-test or Z-test
One-way ANOVA
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Common Bivariate Tests
Type of Measurement
Differences between two independent groups
Differences among three or more independent groups
Ordinal
Mann-Whitney U-test Wilcoxon test
Kruskal-Wallis test
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Common Bivariate Tests
Type of Measurement
Differences between two independent groups
Differences among three or more independent groups
Nominal
Z-test (two proportions) Chi-square test
Chi-square tst
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Type of Measurement
Differences between two independent groups
Nominal
Chi-square test
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS

• CONTINGENCY TABLES
• CROSS-TABULATION
• CHI-SQUARE ALLOWS TESTING FOR SIGNIFICANT
  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS
• GOODNESS OF FIT

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Awareness of Tire Manufacturers Brand
Men Women Total
Aware 50 10 60 Unaware
15 25 40 65 35
100
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Type of Measurement
Differences between two independent groups
Interval and ratio
t-test or Z-test
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS WHEN COMPARING MEANS

• RATIO SCALED DEPENDENT VARIABLES
• t-test
• WHEN GROUPS ARE SMALL
• WHEN POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION IS UNKNOWN
• z-test
• WHEN GROUPS ARE LARGE

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NULL HYPOTHESIS ABOUT MEAN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
GROUPS
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Type of Measurement
Differences between three or more independent
groups
Interval or ratio
One-way ANOVA
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ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

• HYPOTHESIS WHEN COMPARING THREE GROUPS
• m1 m2 m3