South Korea 45.1

1
(No Transcript)
2
EIGHT-YEAR-OLD GIRLS
Height (in Inches)
51
Moscow, Russia 50.8
50
United States, African ancestry 50.0
United States, European ancestry 49.6
49
Brussels, Belgium 49.0
United States, Asian ancestry 48.7
48
Monrovia, Liberia (Africa) 47.6
Hong Kong 47.2
47
46
South Korea 45.1
45
3
Obesity in Childhood

• 80 of obese children become obese adults.
• Obese children generally have obese parents.
• Early excessive fat storage leads to
  overabundance of fat cells.
• Obese individuals are more responsive to external
  eating signals.
• Obese individuals eat faster and chew less.
• Mothers of obese children interpret all
  expressions as a need for food, and use food as a
  reward.
• Obese children are less active.
• Social consequences of obesity include
• Behavior problems
• Depression
• Lowered self-esteem

4
Physical Effects of Childhood Athletics
Negative
Positive
Sports-related injuries
Better physical fitness Improved motor
coordination
Psychological Effects of Childhood Athletics
Negative
Positive
Training in achievement motivation (e.g.,
bettering previous running times)
Competition (e.g., more concern with winning than
with performance as such) Excessive pressure
from adults to practice, perform well and win
5
males
females
males
females
RUNNING
THROWING
200
7.6
180
7.2
160
6.8
140
6.4
Yards per Second
120
Feet
6.0
100
5.6
80
5.2
60
4.8
40
4.4
20
4.0
0
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Age
Age
6
Ages 5 - 14 Girls
Ages 15 - 24 Boys
Ages 15 - 24 Girls
Ages 5 - 14 Boys
150
135
120
60
Frequency per 100,000 children
45
30
15
0
All causes
Motor vehicle accidents
Drownings, fires, poisons
Other accidents
Infections
Cancer (all kinds)
Heart diseases
Homicides
Suicides
Accidents
Diseases (selected)
Violence
Cause of Death