Speech

1
Speech

• Or can you hear me now?

2
Linguistic Parts of Speech

• Phone
• Basic unit of speech sound
• Phoneme
• Phone to discrimination between two speech sounds
• E.g., /p/ puh, /g/ guh, /d/ duh
• English 40
• Languages range from 10 (e.g., Tahitian) to 60
  (e.g., Mandinkakan)

3
English Phonemes
4
Categorical Speech

• Phoneme categorization is learned
• Demo continuum or category?
• (say ----stay)
• Run Demo
• Infants do not show the same categorical boundary
  as English speaking adults

5
Phones to Acoustic Features

• Articulation
• Voicing
• Voiced (/b/) vs. Unvoiced (/p/)
• Manner
• Stop (/t/, /p/) air flow stops
• Fricative (/z/, /s/) nasal stop mouth flow
• Nasal (/m/, /n/) nasal flow mouth stop
• Place
• Labial (/b/)
• In mouth
• Alveolar (/d/) behind teeth
• Interdental (/th/) between teeth
• Palatal (/y/) hard palate
• Velar (/k/) soft palate

6
Acoustic Features of Articulation

• Articulators
• Vocal tract
• Correspondence between Articulation Phoneme
• 1 to 1 in isolation

7
Speech Spectrogram

• Formants
• Bands of energy on speech spectrogram
• Formant transition vs. Steady state formant
• Co-articulation changes articulation

8
Real Speech

• No clear correspondence between phoneme
  articulation
• 1 to 1 correspondence not possible with real
  speech

9
Vocal Effort

• Subglottal pressure as loudness
• Intensity vs. Articulation gesture
• RUN DEMO