College of Business

1
Management Process Model
linking management
desired processes functions
conditions
Planning Manager Communications
Organizing Coordination Goals
Decision Making Leading
Adaptation Controlling
2
Types of Communication
Extra-Organizational Inter-Organizational Intra-
Organizational Interpersonal Intrapersonal
3
Nature of Communications
Formal Informal
Communication Directions
Downward Upward Horizontal Diagonal
4
Communication Patterns
Chain Wheel Circle
Star (All channel)
5
Media Used
Formal Letters Tele- Video- Face
to Reports Memos E-mail phone Conf. Face
Low High
Media Richness
Media Written
Oral Nonverbal
6
Channel Advantages Disadvantages
Permanent record Personal Premeditated
Two-way Easily disseminated Fast
feedback Impersonal No record One-way
Spontaneous Slow feedback Dissemination
Diff.
Adv. Disadv.
Low High
Channel Richness

7
Nonverbal Communication
(
)
Message Meaning
Verbal vocal nonverbal content cues
communication


f
Paralanguage
Kinesics Proxemics Object Language
8
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
1. Can serve to repeat a message 2. Can
complement a verbal message 3. Can accent a
verbal message 4. Can substitute for verbal
cues 5. Can regulate verbal communication 6.
Can contradict verbal messages
9
The Communication Process
Ideation Encoding Transmission
Receiving Decoding Action
Feedback
10
Barriers to Communication
Stage Affected
A. Interpersonal Barriers Poor
listening Receiving Semantics Encoding
decoding Interpersonal
Relations Encoding decoding Inconsist
ent cues Decoding Inappropriate
media Receiving decoding
11
Stage Affected
B. Organizational Barriers Status/Power
Differences Encoding
decoding Communication Flow Network
Breakdown Transmission receiving
Information Overload Any stage Time
Pressures Any stage Noise Any stage
12
Stage Affected
C. Cultural Barriers Language Encoding
decoding Customs Meaning of
Time Decoding Meaning of Space Decoding
13
Types of Theoretical
Perspectives Communication Traditional
Behavioral Modern

• Levels of Analysis
• Extraorganizational X
• Interorganizational X
• Intraorganizational X X X
• Interpersonal X X
• Intrapersonal X X
• Nature of Communications
• Formal X X
• Informal X X
• Direction of Communications
• Downward X X X
• Upward X X
• Lateral X X
• Diagonal X
• Media Used
• Written X X X
• Oral X X
• Nonverbal X X
• Electronic X