Other models

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Other models
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A Practical Framework
political context
Politics and Policymaking
Campaigning, Lobbying
Policy analysis, research
Media, Advocacy, Networking
Research, learning thinking
Scientific information exchange validation
evidence
links
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What you need to know

• The external environment Who are the key actors?
  What is their agenda? How do they influence the
  political context?
• The political context Is there political
  interest in change? Is there room for manoeuvre?
  How do they perceive the problem?
• The evidence Is it there? Is it relevant? Is it
  practically useful? Are the concepts familiar or
  new? Does it need re-packaging?
• Links Who are the key individuals? Are there
  existing networks to use? How best to transfer
  the information? The media? Campaigns?

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What researchers need to do

• Get to know the policymakers.
• Identify friends and foes.
• Prepare for policy opportunities.
• Look out for policy windows.

• Work with them seek commissions
• Strategic opportunism prepare for known events
  resources for others

• Who are the policymakers?
• Is there demand for ideas?
• What is the policy process?

• Establish credibility
• Provide practical solutions
• Establish legitimacy.
• Present clear options
• Use familiar narratives.

• Build a reputation
• Action-research
• Pilot projects to generate legitimacy
• Good communication

• What is the current theory?
• What are the narratives?
• How divergent is it?

• Build partnerships.
• Identify key networkers, mavens and salesmen.
• Use informal contacts

• Get to know the others
• Work through existing networks.
• Build coalitions.
• Build new policy networks.

• Who are the stakeholders?
• What networks exist?
• Who are the connectors, mavens and salesmen?

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Paravets in Kenya

• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s
• 2000s

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment ? collapse.
• Paravet projects emerge.
• ITDG projects.
• Privatisation.
• ITDG Paravet network.
• Rapid spread in North.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.
• Still not approved / passed!

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Paravets in Kenya - Political Context

• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s
• 2000s

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment ? collapse of services.
• Paravet projects emerge.
• ITDG projects.
• Privatisation.
• ITDG Paravet network.
• Rapid spread in North.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.
• Still not approved / passed!

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment
• Privatisation
• ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.

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Paravets in Kenya - Research

• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s
• 2000s

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment ? collapse of services.
• Paravet projects emerge.
• ITDG projects.
• Privatisation.
• ITDG Paravet network.
• Rapid spread in North.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.
• Still not approved / passed!

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment
• Privatisation
• ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.

ITDG projects collaborative action research.
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Paravets in Kenya - Links

• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s
• 2000s

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment ? collapse of services.
• Paravet projects emerge.
• ITDG projects.
• Privatisation.
• ITDG Paravet network.
• Rapid spread in North.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.
• Still not approved / passed!

• Professionalisation of Public Services.
• Structural Adjustment
• Privatisation
• ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.
• KVB letter (January 1998).
• Multistakeholder WSs ? new policies.

ITDG projects collaborative action research.
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Paravets in Kenya - Lessons

• Political stagnation, professional protectionism
• Practical evidence invisible to policy makers
• Powerful individuals, professional interests
• Bad timing - ITDG missed the boat twice!
• A Tipping Point
• New champions
• Collaborative policy-research

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What should ITDG have done?

• Learned more about the political context
• Involved more policy makers earlier
• Collected more empirical data used it better
• Seized the chance in 1989
• Involved non-livestock policy makers
• Controlled the club
• Looked for champions
• Involved bilaterals and multilaterals

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When and how to use it

• Historical analysis of a policy event
• Identify the event
• Elaborate the history critical events, key
  people
• Review context, evidence and links at key moments
• Identify prioritise the influences
• Current analysis strategic planning
• Identify key players
• Workshop the issues develop a strategy for
  maximising impact

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A current example

• to maximise impact of DFID forest/ground water
  research project in India
• Researchers, policy makers and activists
• Used framework to analyse factors in water sector
  in India
• Developed strategy for final phase
• Less research
• More communication
• Developing champions in regional and national
  government
• Local, Regional National advocacy campaign

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Policy entrepreneurs
Networkers
Storytellers
Engineers
Fixers
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Policy Entrepreneur Scores
Herman Joseph Kraft 37 30 29 54 Vijay
Kanapathy 18 32 46 54 Hach Sok 28 38 40 44 Prof
Ragayah Hj Mat Zin 40 26 36 48 Average
gt44 Low
lt30 High
lt23 V.High
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Policy Entrepreneurs in UK
Ashley Parashram 45 25 35 45 Bernard Lawer
Tetteh-Dumanya 36 27 37 50 Dan Start 26 34 43 4
7 David Redhouse 39 36 39 36 Enrique
Mendizabal 40 29 37 44 Gerry Power 39 35 35 41
Harinder Janjua 22 38 43 47 Karen
Iles 41 37 40 32 Lydia Richardson 39 36 39 36
Marta Foresti 42 30 38 40 Michael
Majale 36 36 37 41 Mike Albu 41 32 32 45 Moni
ca Blagescu 38 37 35 40 Patrick
Watt 31 41 41 37 Richard Graham 37 26 37 48
Average 37 33 38 42
gt44 Low
lt30 High
lt23 V.High
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Any Questions?