Developed by:

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Developed by
1023 South U.S. 27 St. Johns, MI 48879 Phone
800.274.7426 Fax [phone] TTY
989.224.0246 E-mail matr_at_edzone.net . Web
site www.cenmi.org/matr
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Michigans Assistive Technology Resource

• The overall purpose of MATR is to provide
  information services, support materials,
  technical assistance, and training to local and
  intermediate school districts in Michigan to
  increase their capacity to address the assistive
  technology needs of students with disabilities.
• MATRs Web site is www.cenmi.org/matr/
• Services to schools are FREE and include
• Support to IEP team members during the process of
  considering AT.
• Equipment loan program to schools for trials of
  AT.
• Software loan library for parents and school
  personnel.
• Training/inserviceinservice workshops, intensive
  trainings, and development of training materials.

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• This document was produced and distributed
  through an IDEA Mandated Activities Project for
  Michigans Assistive Technology Resource awarded
  by the Michigan Department of Education. The
  opinions expressed herein do not necessarily
  reflect the position or policy of the Michigan
  Department of Education, the Michigan State Board
  of Education, or the U.S. Department of
  Education, and no endorsement is inferred. This
  document is in the public domain and may be
  copied for further distribution when proper
  credit is given. For further information or
  inquiries about this project, contact the
  Michigan Department of Education, Office of
  Special Education and Early Intervention
  Services, P.O. Box 30008, Lansing, Michigan 48909.

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL LAW The
Michigan Department of Education complies with
all Federal laws and regulations prohibiting
discrimination, and with all requirements of the
U.S. Department of Education.
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Compliance with Title IX
What Title IX is Title IX of the Education
Amendments of 1972 is the landmark federal law
that bans sex discrimination in schools, whether
it is in curricular, extra-curricular, or
athletic activities. Title IX states No person
in the U.S. shall, on the basis of sex be
excluded from participation in, or denied the
benefits of, or be subject to discrimination
under any educational program or activity
receiving federal aid. The Michigan Department
of Education (MDE) is in compliance with Title IX
of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amended,
20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq. (Title IX), and its
implementing regulation, at 34 C.F.R. Part 106,
which prohibits discrimination based on sex. The
MDE, as a recipient of federal financial
assistance from the United States Department of
Education (USDOE), is subject to the provisions
of Title IX. MDE does not discriminate based on
gender in employment or in any educational
program or activity that it operates. The
designated individual at the Michigan Department
of Education for inquiries and complaints
regarding Title IX is Ms. Roberta E.
Stanley Director Office of Administrative Law
and Federal Relations Michigan Department of
Education Hannah Building 608 West
Allegan P.O. Box 30008 Lansing, Michigan
48909 Phone [phone] E-Mail
stanleyr_at_michigan.gov
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• Single Switch
• Assistive Technology

The Basics
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Objectives

• Define assistive technology and services.
• Identify appropriate assistive technology
  consideration.
• Acquire foundation knowledge of assistive
  technology team function.
• Learn what a single switch is and the various
  types.
• Understand how and what a single switch operates.
• Identify potential users.
• Explore single switch software.

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IDEA 97 Assistive Technology
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA 97 (Public Law 105-17) mandates the
provision of assistive technology and offers
clear definitions of assistive technology devices
and services.
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Legal Definition
Assistive Technology Device Any item, piece of
equipment or product system, whether acquired
commercially off the shelf, modified, or
customizedthat is used to increase, maintain, or
improve the functional capabilities of children
with disabilities. (Section 300.5)
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Legal Definition

• Assistive Technology Service
• (a) Evaluation of the needs of a child with a
  disability, including a functional evaluation of
  the child in the childs customary environment
• (b) Purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing
  for the acquisition of assistive technology
  devices by children with disabilities
• (c) Selecting, designing, fitting, customizing,
  adapting, applying, retaining, repairing, or
  replacing assistive technology devices
• (d) Coordinating and use of other therapies,
  interventions, or services with assistive
  technology devices, such as those associated with
  existing education and rehabilitation plans and
  programs
• (e) Training or technical assistance for a child
  with a disability or, if appropriate, that
  childs family and
• (f) Training or technical assistance for
  professionals (including individuals or
  rehabilitation services), employers, or other
  individuals who provide services to employ, or
  are otherwise substantially involved in the major
  life functions of children with disabilities.
  (Section 300.6)

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IDEA Facts

• Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA 97)
  mandates that all children with disabilities are
  entitled to a Free and Appropriate Public
  Education (FAPE) in the Least Restrictive
  Environment (LRE).

• Schools are required to provide Assistive
  Technology at no cost to the parents if it is
  needed for a student to receive a free
  appropriate education.
• The Individual Education Program team determines
  what constitutes free and appropriate and must
  decide on a case by case basis for each
  individual student.
• Assistive Technology device ownership remains
  with the public agency and State law governs
  whether parents are liable for loss, theft, or
  damage due to negligence or misuse.

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IDEA Facts

• IDEA 97 also requires IEP teams to consider the
  assistive technology needs of students during the
  development of an IEP.
• Section 614 (d)(3)(B) Consideration of Special
  Factors.-
• The IEP Team shall(v) consider whether the child
  requires assistive technology devices and
  services.

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Use of a Consideration Framework

• Assistive technology consideration must be
  tailored to meet the students individual needs.
• A decision making framework is helpful in
  determining a students assistive technology
  needs.

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Example of a Framework for AT Consideration

• SETT
• Student Environment Tasks Tools
• by
• Joy Zabala
• www.joyzabala.com
• SETT is a framework that assists teams in the
  consideration process.
• Critical elements of SETT
• Process
• Communication
• Multiple perspectives

• Collaboration
• Flexibility
• Pertinent information

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SETT By Joy Zabala (1994)
What are the students special needs and
abilities?
What does the students need to be able to do that
is difficult or impossible to do independently at
this time?
STUDENT
What are the functional areas of concern?
What are the students current abilities?
What activities take place in the environment?
Where will the student participate- classroom,
home, community, therapy?
ENVIRONMENT
What materials, equipment, supports, resources
are available?
What is the physical arrangement?
What specific tasks occur in the environments
which enable progress toward mastery of IEP goals
and objectives?
What activities is the student expected to do?
TASKS
Tools must be student centered.
Tools are devices and services- everything that
is needed to help the student succeed.
TOOLS
Describe tool features that are needed.
Tools are on a continuum from no/low, mid, high.
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What is a Single Switch?
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What is a Single Switch?

• Assistive Technology definition
• A device that adapts equipment for individuals
  with disabilities to improve access to
  environment, movement, communication and
  computers.

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Individuals who utilize switches for access may
need a considerable amount of time in which to
develop the proficient skills. As all motor and
cognitive skills these are best learned from an
early age with suitable activities and teaching
strategies.
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Basic Single Switch Components

- mono plug - -cord - -
momentary contact switch -
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Potential Single Switch Users?

• Individuals with upper extremity impairments
  including
• Poor Fine Motor Skills (coordination)
• Severe limitations in upper extremity movement
• Young children/early computer users
• Individuals with cognitive disabilities
• Individuals with visual impairments
• Individuals with unintelligible speech

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Upper Extremity Limitations Impacting Computer Use

• Individuals with upper extremity motor
  impairments
• or limitations may have difficulties in the
  following
• areas
• Turning computer power switches on and off
• Accessing keyboard, targeting correct keys,
  holding keys down too long, etc.
• Operating a mouse effectively

A computer properly adapted with single switch
technology can allow individuals with
disabilities and/or limitations an improved
quality of life.
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Considerations for Switch Access Assessment

• Reliability of motor movement
• Endurance level efficiency of movement
• Ease of performing movement
• Previous successful movements
• Reaction time
• Activation and release time
• Positioning

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Connecting a Single Switch

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Single Switch Hardware

• Types of Switches
• Mechanical
• Electronic
• Mounting and Positioning Devices
• Switch Interfaces

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Mechanical Single Switches
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3
1
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1
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5
4
5
6

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Electronic Single Switches
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Single Switch Feedback
It is important to consider the following types

• Auditory
• Tactile
• Visual
• Kinesthetic

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Single Switch Mounting Devices
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1
3
1
2
2

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Single Switch Mounting Devices
1
1
3
1
2
2

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More Single Switch Mounting Devices
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3
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2

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More Single Switch Mounting Devices
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What Can a Single Switch Operate?

• Computer
• Power wheel chair
• Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC)
  devices
• Toys
• Classroom tools
• Electronic aides to daily living (EADLS)

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Connecting a Single Switch

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Connecting a Single Switch to Computers
Basically, a switch acts like a left mouse click.
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Connecting a Single Switchto Computers

• Switch Interface
• Switch Adapted Mouse
• Track Ball mouse
• Intellikeys
• USB Mouse Adapters

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Power Mobility Single Switch

• Power wheelchairs may be operated with a single
  switch or multiple switches.

Photo credit Enabling Devices
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Single Switch AAC Activation

• Some communication devices are a single switch
  or can be activated by a single switch plugged
  into it.
• Some have only one message repeated each time it
  is depressed, or levels of messages

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Single Switch AAC Activation

• Some communication devices can be operated with
  a single switch.
• Single switch activated devices require a
  scanning feature to move between choices.

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Switch Adapted Toys and Classroom Tools

• Most battery toys may be adapted to operate with
  a single switch.
• Adapting classroom tools with a switch increases
  participation.

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Example of Switch Adapted Activity
1
2
3
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Single Switch EADLS

• These devices allow control over environment
  with a single switch.
• Some devices have scanning features that have
  the ability to operate appliances.

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Single Switch Software
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Single Switch Skill Progression

• Beginning Level Cause and effect
• Activate switch something happens
• Intermediate Level Simple Scanning
• Select by scanning among several options
• Advanced Level Complex Scanning
• Selecting a category that then displays other
  options

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Resources
Local
National
State
Regional

• AT Contact

• CTG
• ATA
• CSUN
• WATI
• RESNA
• UCP
• AER
• ASHA
• AOTA

• MATR
• MACUL
• TAM/CEC

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Resources
MATR (Michigans Assistive Technology Resource)
http//www.cenmi.org/matr TAM/CEC (Technology
Media Division of the Council for Exceptional
Children) http//www.tamcec.org/ MACUL (Michigan
Association for Computer Users in Learning)
http//macul.org/ Closing The Gap
http//closingthegap.com/ ATA (Alliance for
Technology Access) http//www.ataccess.org/ CSUN
(California State University Northridge)
http//www.csun.edu/ RESNA (Rehabilitation
Engineering Assistive Technology Society of
North America) http//www.resna.org/ WATI
(Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative)
http//www.wati.org/ ASHA (American Speech
Language Hearing Association) http//asha.org/ AOT
A (American Occupational Therapy Association)
http//www.aota.org/ UCP (United Cerebral Palsy
Association) http//www.ucpa.org/ AER
(Association for Education and Rehabilitation for
Blind and Visually Impaired) http//www.aerbvi.org
/ Joy Zabala, Assistive Technology Consultant
http//www.joyzabala.com
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• Assistive Technology A LIFE TOOL!

THANK YOU