Plans to establish Great Finland' Academic Karelian Society

1
Plans to establish Great Finland.Academic
Karelian Society

• In spring 1941 - Risto Ryti, started preparing
  plans for the future Eastern Karelia as a part of
  Great Finland. The vice-chairman of the Academic
  Karelian Society, Dr. Reino Castren, had written
  the plan for the future administration of Eastern
  Karelia. The underlying idea of the plan was to
  incorporate Eastern Karelia into Finland
  permanently gradually.
• In Kajaani, at the beginning of July 1941, a
  meeting was organised in order to plan the future
  administration of Eastern Karelia. Members of
  Academic Karelian-Society and Refugee -
  organisations of the Eastern Karelians were
  invited.
• A couple of weeks later on the 15th of July 1941,
  Marshall Mannerheim gave the Society the
  responsibility for setting up the military
  administration of Eastern Karelia.
• During 1941-1944 Finland troops occupied 75 of
  all territory of Soviet Karelia including
  Petrozavodsk, the capital KFSSR. About 86000
  inhabitants lived here, half of them were
  Russians (42000), another part - Finno-Ugrian
  people (Karelians, Veps, Finns and Ingermalands)

2
Marshall Karl Gustav Mannerheim (1867-1951 ??.)
3
Attitude to the Russian population on occupied
lands

• The Russian population was not regarded as an
  ordinary element in Eastern Karelia, but
  immigrants. Because of this concentration camps
  were constructed on the Finnish occupied area for
  about half of the "non-national" population of
  Eastern Karelia, that is 24.000 Russian
  civilians, living on the occupied territory.
• The other half of the population was made up of
  the Karelians and the Veps kinsmen of the Finns.
• The military organisation divided Eastern
  Karelian civilians into two groups "national"
  and "non national" people, or "privileged" and
  "unprivileged".
• The Karelians, who were to become future citizens
  of Great Finland, were quickly rehabilitated into
  the Finnish State and welfare system.

4
Attitude to the Russian population on occupied
lands

• The most crucial part in Finnish occupation
  policy were the camps. They cannot be associated
  with German Concentration camps, they were
  constructed as a means to facilitate the
  transportation of the Russians to the other parts
  of the Soviet Union. However, they did lack the
  basic necessities of life. In the summer months
  of 1942 about 4500 of 22000 people died or
  starved to death because of diseases. The
  situation was stabilised in the autumn 1942 and
  did not become quite so bad again.
• In autumn 1943 the policy of occupation in
  Eastern Karelia needed to be reviewed, the war in
  Europe had radically changed against the Finns
  and their allies, the Germans. All measures
  which, until then, had divided the civil
  population into different groups such as
  food-rationing, salaries etc, were cancelled.
• During this time the negative knowledge of German
  Concentration camps led Finland into changing the
  names of concentration camps into so-called
  "internment" camps".

5
Petrozavodsk during the occupation days
6
Plans for evacuation from the occupied territories

• November 1943 - the Finnish military leaders
  started the planning of evacuation from the
  occupied areas. These plans were kept secret so
  that even the occupational officials did not know
  about them. When on the 16th of June 1944 the
  command came for the evacuation of Finnish
  occupied lands, these officials were not
  prepared, so that the evacuation was not carried
  out as good as it might have been.
• Only about 3000 Karelians came to Finland, most
  of the Karelians wanted to stay at their homes in
  spite of warnings of Finnish officials.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Literature to the topic 6

• Anthony F. Upton. Finland 1939-40. ? London
  Davis Poynter, 1974, 174p. 3maps. bibliog.
  (Politics and Strategy of the Second World War).
• David M. Glantz. From the Don to the Dniepr
  Soviet offensive operations December 1942-August
  1943. ?Portland, Oregon London Frank Cass,
  1991. 430p. 74maps.
• Dmitri V. Pavlov, translated from the Russian by
  John Clinton Adams, foreword by Harrison E.
  Salisbury. ?Chicago, London University of
  Chicago Press, 1965. 186p. 7maps.
• Translated from the Russian by Harold S.
  Orenstein, with an introduction by David M.
  Glantz. ?London Portland, Oregon Frank Cass,
  1991, 1993. 3 vols. maps. 9Cass Series on the
  Soviet Study of War).
• John Erickson. Stalin?s war with Germany. Volume
  1. The road to Stalingrad Volume 2. The road to
  Berlin. ?London Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1975,
  1983. 2 vols. bibliog.
• Otto Preston Chaney, Jr. Zhukov. ?Newton Abbot,
  England David Charles, University of Oklahoma
  Press, 1972. 512p. bibliog.
• J. F. C. Fuller. The Second World War, 1939-1945.
  ?New York Duell, Sloan Pearce, Inc., 1949.
• Alexander Dallin. German Rule in Russia,
  1941-1945. ?London Macmillan and Co., Ltd.,
  1957.
• B. H. Liddell Hart, ed.. The Soviet Army. London
  George Weidenfeld Nicolson, Ltd., 1956.
• Wladyslav Anders. Hitler?s defeat in Russia.
  ?Chicago, Illinois Regenery, 1953. 267p. Edited
  by Seweryn Bialer. Stalinand his generals Soviet
  military memoirs of World War ²². ?New York
  Pegasus London Souvenir, 1970. 644p.
• Paul Carell, translated from the German by Ewald
  Osers. Hitler?s war on Russia the story of the
  German defeat in the East. ?London Harrap,
  1964-70. 2 vols. maps.
• John Erickson. The road to Stalingrad. ?London
  Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1975. 594p. (Stalin?s War
  with Germany, vol. 1).

10
Literature to the topic 6

• Edgar M. Howell. The Soviet partisan movement,
  1941-1944. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of
  the Army, 1956. 217p. maps.
• Albert Seaton. The Russo-German war, 1941-1945.
  ?London Barker New York Praeger, 1971. 628p.
• Georgii Konstantinovich Zhukov. The memoirs of
  Marshal Zhukov. London Cape, 1971. 703viip.
  maps.
• J. N. Westwood. Russia, 1917-1964. London
  Batsford, 1966. 208p. 2 maps.
• Overy Richard James. Russia?s war. London, 1998.
• Raack Richard Charles. Stalin?s drive to the
  West, 1938-1945. The origins of the Cold War.
  ?Stanford, 1995.
• Lelcuk V. A short history of Soviet society.
  Moscow, 1971.
• Bullock Alan. Hitler and Stalin parallel lives.
  London, 1993.
• Schapiro, Leonard. The Communist party of the
  Soviet Union. ?New York, 1960.
• Ponomarev, Boris Nikolaevic. A short history of
  the Communist party of the Soviet Union. ?Moscow,
  1970.
• Nicholas V.Riasanovsky. A history of Russia.
  London, New York Oxford University Press, 1977.
  3rd ed. xx762p. 30 maps.
• Alexander Dallin. German rule in Russia,
  1941-1945 a study of occupation policies. ?New
  York St. Martin?s Press London Macmillan,
  1957. 695p.
• Vera Inber, translated from Russian by Serge M.
  Wolff, Rachel Grieve, with an introduction by
  Edward Crankshaw. Leningrad Diary. ?London
  Hutchinson, 1971. 207p. end-paper maps.
• Alexander Werth. Russia at war, 1941-1945.
  London Barrie Rockliff New York Dutton,
  1964. xxv1,100p. 20 maps.