Internet Evolution in Indonesia

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Internet Evolution in Indonesia

• Onno W. Purbo
• Onno_at_indo.net.id
• Ex. Civil Servant
• Ex. Lecturer at ITB
• Works for Indonesian People

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Important Key Factor

• Human
• Community
• Society
• NOT Technology
• NOT

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Major Achievements

• Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development
  
• No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB, in fact,
  some of these institutions are piggy back on our
  successes ? ..

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Overview

• Historical View
• Key Strategies in injecting a bottom-up community
  based development.
• Internet community development
• Commercial ISP development
• Government incumbent repressive approaches.
• Technical aspects in empowering peoples power to
  overrule the government ? ..

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Historical View

• Focus on Social (human) Aspects

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Network Topology Jan 1993
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Homebrew Radio Modem
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Software PC based

• 286 e-mail only
• Freeware network operating system (NOS)
• Downloadable from ftp//ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/pack
  et/

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AI3 Indonesia 1997
CAnet3
STARTAP
WIDE
TransPAC
AI3
S-One / SingaREN
APAN
vBNS
AI3 Indonesia
IIX
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Success Factor

• Community based development.
• Human Resource Development
• Culture!
• Shifting mind set!
• Self-financing.
• Human is the key factor!

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Key strategiesCommunity Based Devt
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Key Strategies

• Human factor is the most important KEY.
• Provide Free Education to the Society
• Copyleft Copywrong movement
• Free? How about the reward?
• God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

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Society Education Process
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Real Examples

• http//www.bogor.net/idkf
• Mailing lists
• Genetika_at_yahoogroups.com
• Majalahneotek_at_yahoogroups.com
• Linux-admin_at_yahoogroups.com
• Indowli_at_yahoogroups.com
• Roadshow
• Linux seminar, entrance fee US3/person
• Free seminars at schools part of JIS.

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Internet Community Development
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Access Behaviour

• Source Adi Nugroho adi_at_internux.co.id
• 50 Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi
• 20-27 January 2002.

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Logged Access Sites in Makassar
.yahoo.com 6.96
.yimg.com 6.77
.bolehmail.com 4.69
lterrorgt 2.98
.plasa.com 2.52
.astaga.com 2.02
.17tahun.com 1.72
.doubleclick.net 1.46
.extrajos.com 1.40
.msn.com 1.16
.akamai.net 1.00
.freebiespider.com 0.85
.geocities.com 0.76
.rileks.com 0.75
gt 202.53.225. 0.74 gt .chek.com 0.61 gt .detik.com 0.49 gt .adbutler.com 0.44 gt .kompas.com 0.40 gt .icq.com 0.27 gt other 2nd-level-domains 62.01 gt --------------------------------------- ------ gt Sum 100.00
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Access Behaviour

• Search engine webmail are the the most accessed
  site.
• News online media are next.
• Indonesian pornograhics site is next in the row
  (not much).
• 2.98 users normally mistype the URL.
• Yahoo.com its family is the most (13) accessed
  site.

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Indonesian Internet Communities

• http//www.yahoogroups.com
• http//groups.yahoo.com
• http//groups.plasa.com
• Survey done at yahoogroups.com

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Historical Perspective

• 90 Indonesians_at_jamus.berkeley.edu
• 96 Mailing-lists_at_itb.ac.id
• 99 Mailing-lists_at_yahoogroups.com

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Evaluate yahoogroups.com

• 45.000 indonesian mailing lists
• Mostly lt100 subscribers
• Evaluate only gt100 subscribers

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Evaluation
Total mailinglist 49913
Evaluated 30195 (60.5)
Mailing list gt 100 subs 1247 (4.2)



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Mailing lists
total 1247
Pornography 73 (5.9)
Social 350 (28.1)
Religion 155 (12.4)
Politics 94 (7.5)
Knowledge 257 (20.6)
Hobby 110 (8.8)
Economics 16 (1.3)
Business 192 (15.4)
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Subscribers
total 451887
Pornography 59871 (13.2)
Social 87875 (19.4)
Religion 55055 (12.2)
Politics 32124 (7.1)
Knowledge 83736 (18.5)
Hobby 48342 (10.7)
Economics 4595 (1.0)
Business 80289 (17.8)
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Messages in 2001
total 1593523
Pornography 42590 (2.7)
Social 371749 (23.3)
Religion 190427 (12.0)
Politics 186583 (11.7)
Knowledge 291544 (18.3)
Hobby 236023 (14.8)
Economics 13542 (0.8)
Business 261065 (16.4)
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Activeness (msg/subs/month)
Pornography 0.71
Social 4.23
Religion 3.46
Politics 5.81
Knowledge 3.48
Hobby 4.88
Economics 2.95
Business 3.25
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Bandwidth (Kbps)
total 1,711
Pornography 704 (41.2)
Social 236 (13.8)
Religion 146 (8.5)
Politics 113 (6.6)
Knowledge 270 (15.8)
Hobby 103 (6.0)
Economics 9 (0.6)
Business 128 (7.5)
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Commercial ISP Development
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Commercial ISPs

• APJII Indonesian ISP Association
• http//www.apjii.or.id
• IndoNet
• the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

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APJII Membership

• 150 Principal License Holder
• 80 Member APJII
• 40 active in providing services
• 100 cities, all provinces
• Common Facilities
• APJII IIX
• APJII IDNIC
• Domain Registration NIR (APNIC)

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Principal Operational License
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Subscriber Distribution
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Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users
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Indonesia Internet Exchange
GLOBAL INTERNET
ISP
ISP
APJII IIX (GCC TELKOM)
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Indonesia Internet Disaster ..
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Facing Stubborn Incumbent

• The Incumbent is paranoid on VoIP
• US30/incoming call line/month from normally
  US3/month
• No E1 lines for Indosat may ISPs
• No E1 lines for offices
• The stubborn incumbent is stubborn
• Purposely no lines for ISP in several islands.

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Govt Emergency Task Force

• Sickness in Govt Policy Framework
• No competitive safeguard
• ISP must uses PSTN lines while Telco doesnt
  want to give lines to ISP ?
• Sickness in Govt Tactical Framework
• No creativities are allowed
• Illegaly sweeping all illegal VoIP operators
• Illegaly sweeping all illegal high-speed
  Internet Wireless users.
• Not to mention the unofficial govt taxes.

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Technical aspects in empowering peoples power
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Current Technology Push

• Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps
• Estimated cost US150 / unit
• Unlicensed band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz
• Build own network, no Telco!

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Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card
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2.4Ghz Ant.
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Some grassroots movements

• Internet Café
• High Speed Wireless Internet (11-54Mbps)

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Indonesian Internet Cafes

• 2000 Internet Cafes
• Mostly self-finance
• Hangout at asosiasi-warnet_at_yahoogroups.com
• Fight for expanding own network concept towards
  community based network.

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Indonesian Wireless Internet

• Close to 1000 corporate users
• Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection
• 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz)
• Hangout indowli_at_yahoogroups.com
• Fight for free frequency license

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Aims for ..

• Peoples Telecommunication Infrastructure.
• No Incumbent / Telco
• No Government
• No IMF, No World Bank, No ADB