Terms

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Chapter 1

• Terms

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Culture
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Culture

• The way of life of a given people at a given
  time, including language, behavior, and beliefs.

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Civilization
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Civilization

• Highly organized society marked by advanced
  knowledge of trade, government, arts, science,
  and of written language.

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Sociologist
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Sociologist

• Someone who studies human group behavior.

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Social Institutions
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Social Institutions

• A feature or establishment within a community.
• Church, school, club.

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Development
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Development

• To realize potential to grow or strengthen to
  bring into being set forth or clarify make
  active to make effective or available to
  advance from earlier to later stages of maturity
  (from simple to complex)

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Period
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Period

• An interval of time set aside by certain
  conditions or events defined by a specific
  culture, ideology, or technology of
  developmental growth

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Era
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Era

• An interval of time reckoned from a certain date
  or event characterized by certain circumstances
  or persons usually one or more periods

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Ages
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Ages

• The interval of time during which someone or
  something exists a time in history defined by
  certain characteristics

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Solar Calendar
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Solar Calendar

• Based on the sun, a longer year.
• 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 3.8 seconds

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Lunar Calendar
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Lunar Calendar

• Based on the moon, a shorter year. Time between
  successive new or full moons.
• 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes

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Family
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Family

• A fundamental social group in society consisting
  especially of a man and woman and their
  offspring.
• Persons sharing a common ancestry.

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Government
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Government

• The control and administration of public policy
  in a political unit. The agency or apparatus
  through which an individual or body that governs
  exercises its authority and performs its
  functions.

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Religion
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Religion

• A belief in and reverence for a supernatural
  power recognized as the creator and governor of
  the universe. The spiritual or emotional
  attitude of one who recognizes the existence of a
  superhuman power or powers.

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Economic Systems
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Economic Systems

• Systems by which goods and services are produced
  and distributed to meet peoples needs.

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Educational Systems
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Educational Systems

• To provide with knowledge or training especially
  through formal schooling. Provide training for a
  specific purpose. To inform. To stimulate or
  develop mental or moral growth.

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Multi-Generational
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Multi-Generational

• Simply a family consisting of several
  generations, possibly living under the same roof.
  Father/Mother --- Children --- Grandchildren

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Nuclear Family
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Nuclear Family

• A self-contained family unit consisting of a
  father, mother, and their children.

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Extended Family
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Extended Family

• A family unit making up one household that
  consists of parents, children, and other close
  relatives, such as grandparents or aunts and
  uncles.

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Blended Family
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Blended Family

• A family that may consist of several families
  that combine to make one family.
• Step-mother, step-father, step-children, adoptions

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Patriarchal
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Patriarchal

• A community, society, family, group, clan
  dominated by men.

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Matriarchal
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Matriarchal

• A community, society, family, group, clan
  dominated by women.

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Informal Government
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Informal Government

• Committee meeting, peer group leader usually a
  leadership position that was not necessarily
  elected or selected.

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Formal Government
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Formal Government

• President, Senator, Mayor, Student Government

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Hierarchy
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Hierarchy

• Group of people organized according to levels of
  rank or importance.

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Liberties
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Liberties

• Being free from restriction or control right to
  act, believe, or express oneself in a manner of
  ones own choosing being free from confinement,
  servitude or forced labor.

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Security
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Security

• Freedom from risk or danger safety freedom from
  doubt, anxiety, or fear confidence

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Informal Education
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Informal Education

• Learning through experience or taught in an
  informal setting --- parents teaching childrren

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Formal Education
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Formal Education

• University, primary or secondary schools,
  workshops, Sunday school

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Range of Studies
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Range of Studies

• Numerous courses offered usually the more
  courses indicate more development

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Career
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Career

• A chosen pursuit a profession or occupation the
  course of ones life a path or course

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Specialization
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Specialization

• To train or employ oneself in a special study or
  activity develop so as to become adapted to a
  specific environment to concentrate on a
  particular activity or product

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Morals
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Morals

• Concerned with the judgment principle of right
  and wrong in relation to human action or
  character conforming to standards of what is
  right or wrong or just in behavior virtuous
  teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of
  character and behavior

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Values
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Values

• A principle or standard something considered
  important to prize worthwhile

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Rites of Passage

• A significant event in an individuals life that
  indicates a transition from one stage to another
  that could be marked by a ritual or ceremony.
  For example, a baptism or bar mitzvah

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Extension of the Family
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Extension of the Family

• How much a part of the family religion has become
  when looking at daily/weekly life.

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Trade
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Trade

• An exchange of one thing for another commerce
  buying and selling

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Barter
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Barter

• A system of trade in which goods, not money, are
  exchanged

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Subsistence Level
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Subsistence Level

• The level at which one can survive or exist

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Coins and Paper
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Coins and Paper

• Purchasing goods using a means of exchange

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Electronic
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Electronic

• Credit cards, computer shopping

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Social Mobility
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Social Mobility

• The ability to move between social classes
• Fluid easy movement between social classes
• Rigid Difficult or no movement between social
  classes

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Specialization of Labor
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Specialization of Labor

• Specific jobs or tasks done by specific people