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WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE EUROPEAN
UNION Policies at Directorate General Research
Claudine Hermann claudine.hermann_at_polytechnique.ed
u Honorary professor of Physics, Ecole
Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France President of
honour of the association Femmes et
Sciences www.int-evry.fr/femmes_et_sciences/ Memb
er of the Board of Administration of the
European Platform of Women Scientists
www.epws.org
WEFO, Tunis, 7/6/2007
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Essential role of the European Union (EU) to
raise awareness on the situation of women in
science and technology at EU and also in the
Member States

• Structure of the European Union
• Women and Science issue at DG Research
• Examples of French associations
•  Femmes et Sciences  and  Femmes Ingénieurs 

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• The European Union (EU)
• Structure
• European Parliament elected by the people of
  Europe
• Council (of ministers) of the European Union
  voice of the Member States
• Commission, Directorate General (DG) Research,
  DG Education, DG Employment
• The European Union and women scientists
• Equality between women and men one of the EU
  main tasks according to the treaty of Amsterdam
  (1997)
• Need of scientific workforce Lisbonne and
  Barcelona objectives for 2010
• gt Several declarations on Women and science

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Group chaired by José Mariano Gago, conference in
Brussels in 2004 on Human Resources questions
related to the Lisbon and Barcelona objectives
-increase of the European competitiveness, -700
000 researchers needed to meet the goals Among
the recommendations
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COUNCIL RESOLUTION ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY AND
WOMEN IN SCIENCE (3/7/2001) Recognises the need
to promote the role of women in
science promote gender mainstreaming both on a
European and a national level Invites the
Commission to pay attention to -gender
dimension when implementing the 6th FP and the
ERA -gender equality in human resources (HR) and
mobility activities Invites the Member States
and the Commission to -collect
gender-disaggregated statistics in HR in
ST -support the Helsinki group and deepen
cooperation to promote the role of women in
European reserach -report on progress in the area
of women in science within 2 years
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• Women and science issue at DG Research
• A dedicated unit  Women and Science 
  (1998-2006),  Scientific Culture
  and Gender Issues  (2006- )
• A group of national civil servants the Helsinki
  group
• (lobbying structure at institutions level)
• Activities
• -Reports on Women and Science (academia and
  industrial research)
• -Statistics
• -European calls and Gender Watch System
• -The European Platform of Women Scientists
• (lobbying structure at networks level)

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EU reports

• ETAN report on Women in academia in Western
  Europe, 2000
• Women in Industrial Research (WIR), 2003
• ENlarge Women In Science to East
• (Central Europe and the Baltic Republics)
  (ENWISE), 2004
• Women in Science and Technology (WIST), 2006

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From ETAN report, 2000
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• Women in industrial research (WIR)
• a wake-up call for European industry ! (2003)
• High-level expert group (16 members)
• -young scientists
• -women entrepreneurs
• -good practices
• -women scientists in industry
• -Framework Programme
• Presentation at the Berlin Conference, October
  200 The commitment of 7 CEOs

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• The Chief Executive Officers of Airbus, Air
  Liquide, EADS, Hewlett Packard, Rolls Royce,
  Schlumberger, Siemens (and now more)
• signed the  Wake-Up Call , a public commitment
  to make women play a more important role in
  decision-making in industrial RD.
• The actions
• taking a stand
• sponsoring a role model
• promoting changes in their company
• making use of existing programmes to promote
  women in industrial research
• Analysing the business case
• gt Examples of good practises and definition of
  standards

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Some data from the WIR report Women 15 of
the industrial researchers in EU ( Germany
9,6, France 20,6 ) 55 of the new graduate
students ( Germany 50, France 55
) among which 41 in natural science, maths and
computer science ( Germany 31, France
42 ) 20 in engineering, manufacturing
industries and construction ( Germany
16, France 19) Good practises in some
companies
which are not the Red Cross ! (Human
Resources Director Siemens)
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• ENWISE  (2004)
• (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,
  Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,
  Slovenia)
• Wasted talents
• Younger women scientists suffer a dilemma
  between
• -their talents for a research carrier
• the economical and social conditions, which
  prevent them from being confirmed researchers
  while raising a family.
• The opportunity offered by the European Union
• In the EU 5th Framework Programme for Research,
  34 of the evaluators from the Enwise countries
  were women (22 for EU-15).

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• Women in Science and Technology -
• the business perspective (2006)
• 20 company representatives and 5 experts in
  economics engineering
• and social sciences
• A certain past is behind us former men-only
  management
• Getting faster and better results too slow rate
  of progress
• A sense of urgency needed to
• repair the  leaking pipeline 
• provide solutions for dual career couples and
  single parents, work-life balance by combining
  effort of business community and society at large
• manage this cultural change with a holistic
  approach (like for quality)
• develop in managers the ability to optimize the
  efficiency of a diverse group
• measure the efficiency and objectively observe
  the business impact of gender diversity

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Statistics (She Figures 2006)(all disciplines,
by country)

• Proportion of female researchers
• Percentage of grade A among all academic staff by
  sex
• Proportion of women on scientific boards
• Proportion of female scientists by sector

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She Figures 2006
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She Figures 2006
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She Figures 2006
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She Figures 2006
Higher Education
Government Sector
Business Enterprise
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Actions in favor of women scientists (as
proposed by the EU ETAN report) equal
treatment ?
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Actions in favor of women scientists, as
proposed by the EU ETAN report? equal
treatment positive actions
 quotas  gender mainstreaming constant
watch !
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• Support of Women in science and technology
  activities in the 6th and 7th Framework
  Programmes
• Lobbying structures
• -The Helsinki group of national civil servants
• -The European Platform of Women Scientists
  networking the networks
• Financing total in FP6 20 Meuros
• -Calls related to gender (Women ambassadors,
  Gender and excellence)
• -Gender Action Plans e.g. in Networks of
  Excellence (FP6)
• the examples of Complex Metallic Alloys and other
  NoEs.
• Activities conferences, colloquia, mentoring,
  awareness raising

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European Platform of Women Scientists
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NETWORKS AND ASSOCIATIONS OF WOMEN ENGINEERS AND
SCIENTISTS IN FRANCE

• 30 women in academia
• 30 women in public research
• 25 of the engineering degrees awarded to women

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NETWORKS InterElles (high-tech) Grandes Ecoles
au Féminin (3 surveys) ASSOCIATIONS among
which Elles bougent ! (Girls go ahead !) Femmes
Ingénieurs (Women Engineers) femmes et
mathématiques (Women and Mathematics) Femmes et
Sciences (Women and Science)
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• Mission statement
• to improve the position of women in science, both
  in public and private sectors
• to promote a positive image of science among
  women and of women in science
• - to encourage more girls to enter science.

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• Common actions towards teenagers and teachers
• Role models in schools
• Stands (Science Week, Women Day)
• Creation of pedagogic tools
• -quiz DVD,
• -diaporama about scientific jobs
• -website www.elles-en-sciences.org
• -booklet against stereotypes
• -

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Women and science beyond stereotypes
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• DIFFICULTIES AND PROGRESS
• Transformation of the Women and Science unit at
  European Union gender is getting less visible
• Some difficulties at institutions level, but
• Progress at companies level

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PERSPECTIVES For women scientists and engineers
in public and private institutions Network !
For institutions (and politicians
!) gender-disaggregated statistics, to be
analysed, published watch published texts and
pictures attention / presence of women quotas
(?), hiring, promotions specific
measures Reasons for women to be optimistic (in
the sad context of the decline of scientific
enrolments) The interest of international
organisations EU DG Research (women experts,
2010 targets), OECD, academies The business
case in companies