Olbers

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Spiral Nebula Island Universe Galaxy
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Galaxies
Giant Elliptical Spiral Dwarf Elliptical Irregular
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Galaxies
Giant Elliptical Spiral Dwarf Elliptical Irregular
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Elliptical Galaxy
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Globular Cluster
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Globular Cluster
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Local Group

• 4 Spiral Galaxies
• 28 Smaller Galaxies
• Andromeda closest spiral 700kpc

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Local Group

• 4 Spiral Galaxies
• 28 Smaller Galaxies
• Andromeda closest spiral 700kpc
• 14 galaxies closer

Sagitarius Dwarf 25kpc Satellite galaxies Large
Magellanic Cloud 52kpc Small Magellanic
Cloud 63kpc
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Kaptyne
Å
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Kaptyne
Å
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Kaptyne
Å
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
Dust
Å
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
Dust
Å
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
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Dust
Å
30
10
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
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Dust
Å
30
10
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
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Dust
Å
30
10
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Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
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Dust
Å
10
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Kaptyne
Dust
Å
Scatters Light Especially Blue Interstellar
Reddening
F0 Same Temperature Same Color
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Shapely
9kpc
x
x
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Arms
Proper Motion Orbits
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Spiral Arm Stability
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Solar Composition
Element by Number by Mass
Hydrogen 92.0
Helium 7.8






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Solar Composition
Element by Number by Mass
Hydrogen 92.0 73.4
Helium 7.8 25.0






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Solar Composition
Element by Number by Mass
Hydrogen 92.0 73.4
Helium 7.8 25.0
Oxygen
Carbon
Neon
Nitrogen
Silicon
Iron
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Solar Composition
Element by Number by Mass
Hydrogen 92.0 73.4
Helium 7.8 25.0
Oxygen 0.06 0.8
Carbon 0.02 0.20
Neon 0.01 0.16
Nitrogen 0.008 0.09
Silicon 0.004 0.09
Iron 0.003 0.14
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Solar Composition
Metals
1.6


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Stellar Composition
Metals
1.6
0.1
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Stellar Composition
Metals
1.6 more
0.1 less
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Stellar Composition
Population Metals
I 1.6 more
II 0.1 less
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Stellar Composition
Population Metals
I 1.6 more
II 0.1 less
III 0.0001
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Clusters
Open
Globular
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Clusters
Open 100s
Globular
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Clusters
Open 100s
Globular 100,000s
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Clusters
Open 100s Random
Globular 100,000s
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Clusters
Open 100s Random
Globular 100,000s Spherical
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk
Globular 100,000s Spherical
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk Spiral Arms
Globular 100,000s Spherical
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk Spiral Arms
Globular 100,000s Spherical Halo
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk Spiral Arms Pop I
Globular 100,000s Spherical Halo Pop II
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk Spiral Arms Pop I Young
Globular 100,000s Spherical Halo Pop II Old
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Clusters
Open 100s Random Disk Spiral Arms Pop
I Young Short Lived
Globular 100,000s Spherical Halo Pop II Old Long
Lived
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Cluster Stability
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What do we need for life like us?
Star Planet Planet in Stable Orbit Around Stable
Star
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What do we need for life like us?
Star Needed For? Planet Planet in Stable
Orbit Around Stable Star
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What do we need for life like us?
Star Energy Planet Planet in Stable
Orbit Around Stable Star
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Solar Not Solar
plants food wood coal oil natural
gas hydroelectric wind
nuclear from supernova geothermal from a
planet tidal from a moon