Chapter 10 Classes and Objects In-Depth

1
Chapter 10Classes and Objects In-Depth
2
Chapter 10

• A class provides the foundation for creating
  specific objects, each of which shares the
  general attributes, or characteristics, and
  behavior of the class.
• At the abstract level, a class can be described
  as an interface that defines the behavior of its
  objects.
• At the implementation level, a class is a
  syntactical unit that describes a set of data and
  related operations that are common to its
  objects.

3
Chapter 10

• CLASS DECLARATION FORMAT
• class name
• //FUNCTION MEMBERS
• public
• Function prototypes go here.
• //DATA MEMBERS
• private
• Variable definitions go here.
• //END CLASS

4
Chapter 10

• The public class functions form the interface to
  the class and are accessible from outside the
  class. Public functions are used to provide
  access to and manipulate the private class
  members. A private class member is only
  accessible within the class by functions of the
  same class.

5
Chapter 10

• Encapsulation means to package data and/or
  operations into a single well-defined programming
  unit.

6
Chapter 10

• Information hiding means that there is a binding
  relationship between the information, or data,
  and its related operations so that operations
  outside the encapsulated unit cannot affect the
  information inside the unit.

7
Chapter 10

• The Unified Modeling Language, or UML, is a
  technique for analyzing and designing
  object-oriented software.

8
Chapter 10

• UML diagram for a SavingsAccount class

9
Chapter 10

• An object is an instance, or specimen, of a given
  class. An object of a given class has the
  structure and behavior defined by the class that
  is common to all objects of the same class.

10
Chapter 10

• Object Definition Format
• class name object name

11
Chapter 10

• A function implementation is the definition of
  the function that includes the function header
  and the body of the function.

12
Chapter 10

• Format for a Function Implementation
• return type class name function name
  (parameter listing)
• //BODY OF FUNCTION GOES HERE
• //END FUNCTION

13
Chapter 10

• A constructor is a special class function that is
  used to initialize an object automatically when
  the object is defined.

14
Chapter 10

• Constructor Format

15
Chapter 10

• All the member functions of a class carry with
  them an invisible pointer, called this, that
  points to the object that called the function.

16
Chapter 10

• An access function, sometimes called a get
  function, is a function that returns only the
  values of the private members of an object.

17
Chapter 10

• A message is a call to a member function.

18
Chapter 10

• A type cast converts data of one type to a
  different type, temporarily. You can convert data
  of one type to another type by preceding the data
  variable/expression with the type to convert to
  within parentheses like this winPercent
  (double)wins/(wins losses) 100

19
Chapter 10

• A project file identifies the files that need to
  be compiled and linked to create a given
  executable program.

20
Chapter 10

• A multi-file Project