Nanotechnology

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Nanotechnology

• By Rishabh Bhargava, Bryan Bridgemann, Natalie
  Clemens, Saurabh Dass, Bezaleel Robinson
• April 28th 2005

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What is it?

• Nanometer 1 billionth of a metre or 50
  thousandth of the width of a human hair
• Technology Science applied to modern machinery
• Ability to manipulate particles at this scale

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Why is it special?

• Properties of materials strength, conductivity,
  optics, color, elasticity etc.
• Properties change at nano-level
• Create perfect objects

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Prospects
Aerospace
Healthcare
Chemicals
Defense
Nanotechnology
Materials
Pharmaceuticals
Electronics
Tools
And many more
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Smart Materials

• Respond to environmental stimuli
• Change electrical, mechanical, chemical
  properties
• Change structure, composition, appearance,
  function
• Possible due to arrangement of atoms and molecules

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Examples

• Light sensitive glasses
• Thermochromic materials
• Electroluminescent materials
• Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) prosthetics and
  artificial muscles
• Drug delivery devices

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Consumer Products Available

• Wilson Double Core Tennis Ball
• Nanotex soft and stain resistant materials
• Samsung refrigerator using nano silver
• Samsung flash card
• Hummer H2 Sport Utility Truck scratch resistant,
  temperature
• Golf ball

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Nanoelectronics

• Transistors millions on a chip
• Bottom-up for further development
• More functions, better performance, speed
• One atom at a time
• Less conduction time for signals
• Reliable, energy efficient

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Current Uses

• Storage memory (1000 times more)
• Logic gates
• Lasers
• Flexible computer screens
• Library of Congress data stored in a small device

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Future Prospects

• Combine electronics and chemistry
• Molecular electronics
• DNA used in circuitry
• Photoelectronics
• 12 Bill by 2009 and 41 Bill by 2012

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Healthcare

• Nano will affect everyone
• Used in pharmaceuticals by drug-delivery
• Buckyballs, nanotubes
• Used in prostheses and implants
• Nanomolecules act as catalyst to conglomeration
  of other molecules
• Artificial bones prosthetic limbs

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More Healthcare

• Fight cancer
• Molecular imaging agents
• Nanoparticles illuminate new blood cells
• Detect cancerous tumors
• Anti-cancer drugs in nanoparticles

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Nanoshells

• Nanoparticles that bond to cancerous cells
• Made of silicon and coated with gold
• Destroy cancer because of tunable wavelength and
  light absorption
• Absorb light, heat up and destroy cancer

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Ethics - Consequences

• Affect everyone in thinking and living
• Very few publications on ethical and social
  implications
• No one is sure of technology
• Current ideas far fetched grey goo,
  apocalyptic view
• Bill Joy article, Engines of Creation (Drexler)

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Who is involved?

• Japan, US, Western Europe have highest funding
• NNI allocated 16-28 million in 2001 for nano
  research
• NNI concerned about societal implications
• Scientists, technicians, engineers concerned
• Should rich countries help out third-world
  countries?

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Ethics - Dangers

• Privacy Security
• Undetectable surveillance, tracking devices
• Weapons bombs, penetrating particles
• Assemblers
• Environmental issues waste
• Harmful drugs

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So what can we do?

• Establish guidelines for research
• ANSI - sets goals for nanotech organizations
• Creation of terminology for nanotech
• Discussion of impact on intellectual property
• Catalogue for material composition and features
• Assesment of toxicity and other environmental
  risks of nano products

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What more can we do?

• Restrict military research to defense and
  security
• Scientists must consider ecology and safety and
  held responsible for misuse
• Publications should be accurate and adhere to
  scientific methods
• Labeling of products should be clear
• EDUCATE PEOPLE

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Nanotechnology

• Plethora of advantages and promises
• Dangers of potential harmful products
• Need to be concerned and keep ethics in mind
• Drastic improvements in materials, electronics,
  healthcare and more
• Revolutionizing technology

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Diseased cells are destroyed by Nanotechnology