Graphic Organizers

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Graphic Organizers

• Presented by
• David Amelunke

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Objectives

• Learn what research shows about the use of
  Graphic Organizers on student achievement
• Learn when to use the various types of Graphic
  Organizers
• Learn methods to create Graphic Organizers
• Generate ideas for use of Graphic Organizers in
  your classroom

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Vocabulary

• Nonlinguistic Representations - imaginary forms
  of knowledge in the mind such as mental pictures
  or even physical sensations
• Visual Learning - a variety of activities and
  systems for organizing information graphically or
  visually
• Graphic Organizers - visual depictions of
  knowledge that help guide the thinking process

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Nonlinguistic Representations
Information from Classroom Instructions That
Works Research Based-Strategies for Increasing
Student Achievement by Robert Marzano, Debra
Pickeringand Jane E. Pollock
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Storing Information

• Many Psychologists adhere to a dual coding
  theory of information storage
• This theory says that knowledge is stored in the
  brain in two forms - a linguistic form and an
  imagery form

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Linguistic

• The linguistic form is in words or statements
• This form could be thought of as containing
  actual statements in long-term memory

Imagery/Nonlinguistic
The imagery form is expressed as mental pictures
or even physical sensations such smell, taste,
touch, sound and kinesthetic association
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Using Both

• The more we use both systems of representation
  the better we are able to think about and recall
  knowledge
• This is particularly important in the classroom
  because linguistically is the primary method of
  presenting knowledge in the classroom
• We either talk to students about content or they
  read about new content
• This means students are left to generate their
  own nonlinguistic representations

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Increasing Student Achievement

• When teachers help students make non-linguistic
  representations students achieve more
• Engaging students in the creation of
  nonlinguistic representations stimulates and
  increases activity in the brain

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Generalizations RegardingNonlinguistic
Representations

• A variety of activities produce nonlinguistic
  representations
• The goal of instructional strategies is to
  produce nonlinguistic representations of
  knowledge in the minds of students
• It can be accomplished in many ways
• Creating Graphic Representations
• Making Physical Models
• Generating Mental Pictures
• Drawing Pictures and Pictographs
• Engaging in Physical Activities

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Generalizations RegardingNonlinguistic
Representations

• Nonlinguistic representations should elaborate
  on knowledge. For example a student can elaborate
  on his knowledge of fractions when he constructs
  a mental model of how a fraction might appear in
  concrete form
• The process of generating nonlinguistic
  representations forces students to elaborate on
  their knowledge and leads to deeper understanding
  and easier recall of information

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Classroom Practice inNonlinguistic
Representations

• Graphic Organizers are the most common way to
  help students generate nonlinguistic
  representations
• Graphic Organizers combine the linguistic mode
  in that they use words and phrases and the
  nonlinguistic mode in that they use symbols and
  arrows to represent relationships

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• Graphic Organizers have great utility in the
  classroom because they correspond to six common
  patterns that information can be divided into
• Descriptive pattern
• Time sequence pattern
• Process/cause-effect pattern
• Episode pattern
• Generalization/principle pattern
• Concept pattern

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Descriptive Pattern

• Descriptive Patterns can be used to represent
  facts about specific people, places, things and
  events
• This information does not have to be in any
  specific order

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Descriptive Pattern
Example
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Time Sequence Pattern

• Time sequence patterns organize events in a
  specific chronological order
• For example, the events leading up to the Vietnam
  War can be shown in a time sequence pattern
  organizer

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Process/Cause-Effect Pattern

• Process/Cause-Effect Patterns organize
  information into a casual network leading to a
  specific outcome

• An example would be study habits that make a good
  student

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Episode Pattern

• Episode Pattern Organizers arrange data about
  specific events including
• Setting (time and place)
• Specific People
• A specific duration
• A specific sequence of events
• A particular cause and effect

An Example would be information leading up to the
Civil War
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Episode Pattern
An Example would be information leading up to the
Civil War
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Generalization/Principle Patterns

• Gereralization/Principle Patterns organize
  information into general statements with
  supporting details.
• An Example would be statements supporting a
  hypothesis that economic conditions were the
  cause of the Civil War.

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Concept Pattern

• Concept Patterns organize information around a
  word or phrase that represents entire classes or
  categories of people, places things or events
• The characteristics or attributes of the concept
  along with examples of each should be included in
  this example.
• An example would be a teacher asking a student to
  show the concept of fables along with examples
  and characteristics of them.

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Concept Pattern
A Concept Pattern could look like this
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So how do you makea Graphic Organizer and what
software can you use?