? SPSS WORKSHOP ?

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? SPSS WORKSHOP ?

• Please Log onto Your Computer Station
• User Name type in your user ID
• Password type in your password
• Domain ASUAD
• If you have trouble signing in
• Then try signing in with westguest account
• User Name westguest
• Password asuwest
• Domain (this computer)
• Sometime after todays class, please go to
  Technopolis (basement of library) to get your
  user ID fixed.

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How to reset a password

• After you Login to the computer using the
  WESTGUEST account
• Open the Internet browser go to the ASURITE
  self-sub site - HTTP//www.asu.edu/selfsub.
• Log in to the self-sub service using your ASURITE
  UserID and password.
• Click on the left-hand button labeled Change
  Your Password.
• Ensure that all of the account boxes are checked,
  then enter your new password.
• Click on the Change Your Password button.
• Logoff of the self-sub site.

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? SPSS WORKSHOP ?

• Please Log onto Your Computer Station
• User Name type in your user ID
• Password type in your password
• Domain ASUAD
• If you have trouble signing in
• please raise your hand

4
? SPSS WORKSHOP ?

• Please Sign onto Your Computer Station
• User Name type in your user ID
• Password type in your password
• Domain ASUAD
• If you have trouble signing in
• Please ask a neighbor to log her/him self on
  your computer
• Otherwise, raise your hand I can log myself
  onto your computer.
• Sometime after todays class, please go to
  technopolis (basement of library) to get your
  user ID fixed.

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Brief Introduction to Statistics with SPSS

• Roger Berger
• Mathematical Sciences
• Applied Computing Department
• Rico Rivera
• Josh Fox
• Heather Ohton
• Tommy Aguila
• Christopher Zambakari
• Statistics Laboratory

http//www.west.asu.edu/StatLab
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Workshop Overview

• Workshop Objectives (p 1)
• Overview of Basic Organization of SPSS
• How to input raw data
• How raw data file is edited in variable view
• Perform basic data analyses
• Table of Contents (p 2)

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Open up your internet Explorer

• http//www.west.asu.edu/StatLab
• Click on Workshops
• Click on Data Used for SPSS Workshops
• Click on Res_Stat_Edited_Data.sav
• Please save it in your Desktop.
• Please do not open the data file
• Close the internet brower.

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Open up your internet Explorer

• Click on My Network Places
• Click on \\westfile\web\CGIWEB\statlab
• Click on WorkshopExample.sav (SPSS file)
• Click on WorkshopExample.xls (Excel file)
• Please copy it to your Desktop.
• Please do not open the data file

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SPSS Accessibility (p. 3)

• Network access
• Technopolis (basement of library)
• Desktop (hard drive) installed
• Computer Classrooms
• Stat Lab

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Accessing the Statistic Laboratory (p. 3)

• Location CLCC 107
• Phone [phone]
• Website http//www.west.asu.edu/StatLab
• Operating hours See website (changes on a weekly
  basis)
• When using the lab, please sign in at the front
  counter

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Support for Statistics (p. 4)

• Function of Stat Lab
• The Stat Lab staff assists students with aspects
  of statistical software.
• The Stat Lab is not set up to provide one-on-one
  tutorial service for students on a regular basis.
• However, we have and frequently do answer general
  statistic questions.
• Statistics Tutoring (bottom of p 4)
• Learning Enhancement Center
• TRiO (SSS) program

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Overview of the Research Process
Page 5
DISCUSSION SECTION
Interpretation Were the hypotheses supported?
Why or why not? Any limitations? What are
the Implications? Suggestions for further
research?
RESULTS SECTION
Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics Inferential
Statistics
METHODS SECTION
Measures or Instruments Validity - What did we
measure? Reliability How precise was the
measure
METHODS SECTION
Participant Characteristics Who did you
sample? Procedures How did we do the
observations?
Also look at APA outline (pp 12-14)
AT THE END OF LITERATURE REVIEW OR INTRODUCTION
Based on theory literature review, what is
(are) the question(s) you want to address? What
are respondents attitude toward research and
statistics? Are attitudes toward research and
statistics related? Do males and females have
different attitudes? Do participants in
different age groups have different attitudes?
Statistics Lab CLCC 107 www.west.asu.edu/StatLab (
602) 543-6117
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Procedures for Data Analysis (p. 6)

• Data ? Statistics Software ? Output ?
  Interpretation
• Collect organize data
• Input edit the data
• Analyze data or create graphs
• State results and interpret

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Procedures for Data Analysis (p. 6)

• Data ? StatPak ? Output ? Interpretation
• Collect organize data
• Input edit the data
• Transform Variables will not be covered
• Analyze data or create graphs
• State results and interpret

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Please fill out the Research Statistics
Attitude Survey (Remove the last page of your
handout)

• Response
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
• Sex
• Male
• Female
• Age
• Under 25
• 25 40
• Over 40

• Response
• Strongly Disagree 1
• Disagree 2
• Agree 3
• Strongly Agree 4
• Sex
• Male 1
• Female 2
• Age
• Under 25 1
• 25 40 2
• Over 40 3
• Having ID column will help you keep track of
  cases
• What do the first 5 questions (items) measure?
• What do items 6 through 10 measure?

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Lets Launch SPSS

• Menu Bar
• Data Transform are used to manipulate the data
  in data editor (i.e., spread sheet)
• Analyze and Graphs are used to create output
• Tabs (bottom left hand corner of data editor, p.
  7)
• Data View
• Columns Variables (e.g., questions on survey)
• Rows Cases (e.g., survey)
• Variable View
• How we edit the variables
• Give variables their names, labels, etc
• Enter you survey into Data View

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Editing the Raw Data

• Variable View
• Tab (located lower left hand corner)
• Pages 9 10 of your handout

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Retrieving an Edited Data

• Save the data set to your desktop.
• Call it edited data your initials
• E.g., editeddataRR
• Now we are going to open up a new data set.
• File gt open gt Data
• Navigate to your desktop
• Open up the data file that you downloaded from
  our website.

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Review of Workshop

• We inputted raw data (from the survey) into the
  data editor
• We edited a raw data file in variable view
• pp. 9 - 10
• We retrieved an edited file and perform some
  basic statistical analyses.

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Transforming Variable (p 11)

• Recode
• Data may be need to be recoded for a variety of
  reasons
• Examples
• common for reversing the scales
• Converting a continuous variable into discrete
  ordinal variable
• Transform gt Recode gt Into Different Variables
• Computing a New Variable
• Can create new variables that may be a function
  of pre-existing variables
• Transform gt Compute

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Other Resources(supplemental information)

• Table on pages 16-17
• Statistic
• Function/description
• SPSS procedures
• Backing up your files to AFS space (p 20)
• Resources in Stat Lab Reference Library
• APA manual
• Tables, Charts in APA
• How to create posters

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Other Resources(supplemental information)

• Table on pages 16-17
• Statistic
• Function/description
• SPSS procedures
• Backing up your files to AFS space (p 20)
• Resources posted on our website
• Developing Questionnaires
• Oral Interview Guidelines

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What are the Levels of Measurement?
(supplemental information p. 15)

• Ratio (e.g., lengths, weights, volumes,
  capacities, rates)
• Different categories
• Rankable categories
• Constant equal-sized Intervals
• Absolute Zero (physical significance) (e.g.,
  temperature in Kelvin, time)
• Interval (temperature on Celsius and Fahrenheit,
  age)
• Different categories
• Rankable categories
• Constant equal-sized Intervals (can be expressed
  numerically)
• Ordinal (e.g.., dominance hierarchy)
• Different Categories
• Categories are rankable
• Nominal (a.k.a. attributes)
• Different Categories (e.g.., sex, species,
  phylum, location)

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Presentation of entire distribution of a variable
Data Type Table Graphs
Continuous (Interval Ratio) Frequency Distribution Histogram or polygon (frequency or cumulative)
Discrete (Ordinal Nominal) Frequency Distribution Bar Graph (frequency or )
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Central Tendency and Dispersion
Level of Measurement Central Tendency of distribution Dispersion (Variability) spread of distribution
Interval ? ?
Ratio ? ?
Ordinal ? ?
Nominal ? ?
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Central Tendency and Dispersion (p 15)
Level of Measurement Central Tendency of distribution Dispersion (Variability) spread of distribution
Interval Mean the arithmetic average of a set of scores on a variable. Variance average squared deviation of each number from its mean. Standard Deviation the average amount that each score differs from the mean (calculated as the square root of the variance most commonly used)
Ratio Mean the arithmetic average of a set of scores on a variable. Variance average squared deviation of each number from its mean. Standard Deviation the average amount that each score differs from the mean (calculated as the square root of the variance most commonly used)
Ordinal Median middle of a distribution. Inter-quartile (semi-quartile) range
Nominal  Mode most frequently occurring score in a distribution.  Index of dispersion
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Two Topics

• Prepping an Excel spreadsheet to be imported into
  SPSS
• Types of Analyses of variance (ANOVA).

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• Excel spreadsheet
• Each column is indicative of a variable
• First row contains the variable names
• You want to keep the same rules that apply to
  variable names in SPSS
• The subsequent rows contain the data for each
  case (subject)
• Gender has two levels
• Male 1
• Female 2
• Age has three levels
• lt 25 1
• 25 - 40 2
• gt 40 3
• Time has three levels
• Baseline time0
• Time 1 time1
• Time 2 time2
• Composite scores for attitude towards research

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• Excel spreadsheet
• I sorted the data based on gender and age
  variables for instructional purposes.

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• Between subjects (aka independent samples)
• What are two between-subject factors that have
  independent samples?
• Gender 2 samples
• Age 3 samples
• Within subjects (aka related samples)
• What is the one within-subject factor that is
  indicative of three related samples?
• Time 3 samples

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Importing Excel Data into SPSSStat Lab Staff
you may want to print this slide and follow the
SPSS directions below

• After formatting the data in Excel
• First row contains the variable names
• Other rows contain the data values
• Save and close Excel file
• Open up SPSS
• Click on File gt Open gt Data
• Navigate to the location you save the Excel file
• In Files of type choose either
• Excel (.xls)
• or All files (.)
• Open the Excel file you saved
• Youll get a dialogue box called Opening Excel
  Data Source
• There is a green check mark in box Read variable
  names from the list from the first row of data
• Worksheet choose the worksheet in which the data
  is located
• Click the OK button.
• You just imported an excel file into SPSS

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Analysis of Variance

• One-way ANOVA
• One between subjects factor
• Example Age
• Two-way ANOVA
• Usually consist of two between subjects factors
• Example Age and Gender
• Repeated Measures
• One-way within subjects ANOVA
• One within subjects factor
• Example Time
• Two-way between and within subjects ANOVA
• One between subjects factor (e.g., Time)
• And one within subject factor (e.g., Age)

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One-way ANOVA

• You may want to open the SPSS data file that you
  downloaded.
• Differences among 2 or more independent sample
  means with SPSS
• Analysis of Variance
• Analyze gt Compare Means gt One-Way ANOVA
• One dependent variable (e.g., baseline, time0)
  goes into the Dependent List
• One between subjects factor (e.g., Age) goes into
  Factor
• If the factor has more than three level, click on
  Post Hoc
• Click on Tukey and Dunetts C (unless your
  instructor wants you to use a different one).
• Click on continue
• Click on Options
• Chose
• descriptive Statistics
• Homogeneity of variance test
• Perhaps on Means plot
• Click on continue
• Click on OK

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Descriptive Statistics

• The first columns contains the three levels of
  the Age factor.
• The mean column contains the mean attitude
  toward statistics
• Does it appear that there may be an age effect?
• Do you notice a trend?
• Which age group has the greatest mean?

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F-test

• The F-test looks tells us if there is an age
  effect.
• Is the F-test significant?
• Look at the p value (in column called Sig.)
• Is it less than an alpha of .05?
• However, the F-test does not tell us which pair
  of means are significantly different.
• We look at the multiple comparisons for that.

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Multiple Comparisons

• Mean difference column was calculated by
  subtracting the means for age categories in
  column (j) from means for age categories in
  column (I).
• If there is an asterisk, the mean difference is
  significant.

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Two-way ANOVA

• Analyze gt General Linear Model gt Univariate
• Dialogue box titled Univariate
• Dependent variable move one dependent variable
  (e.g., baseline time0)
• Fixed Factor(s) move in the between subjects
  factors (e.g., Gender and Age).

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Dialogue box titled Univariate(continued)

• Click on Plots
• Move one of factors into horizontal axis and the
  other into separate lines
• Click Add
• If you wish, you can do the inverse of that, then
  click add again
• Click Continue

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Dialogue box titled Univariate(continued)

• Click on Post Hoc
• Choose only factors that have three or more
  levels. (e.g., Age).
• Click on Tukey and Dunetts C (unless your
  instructor wants you to use different ones).
• Click on continue

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Dialogue box titled Univariate(continued)

• Click on Option
• Choose Descriptive statistics
• Homogeneity tests
• Click on continue
• Click on OK

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Repeated Measures

• Analyze gt General Linear Model gt Repeated
  Measures
• Dialogue box Repeated Measures Define Factor(s)
• Within-Subject Factor Name
• Change name to time
• Number of levels 3 levels (i.e., baseline,
  time0, and time1)
• Click on Add
• Click on Define

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Dialogue Box Repeated Measures

• Within-Subjects Variables (time)
• Choose the three variables (time0, time1, time2)
  the insert them in the correct order.
• Between-Subjects Factor(s)
• Insert the factors that you are interested in.
• In this case, enter in Age.

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Dialogue Box Repeated Measures(continued)

• Click on Plots
• I recommend that you move the Time factor into
  horizontal axis and the other (Age) into separate
  lines
• Click Add
• Click Continue

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Dialogue Box Repeated Measures(continued)

• Click on Post Hoc
• Choose only factor(s) that have three or more
  levels. (e.g., Age).
• Click on Tukey and Dunetts C (unless your
  instructor wants you to use different ones).
• Click on continue

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Dialogue Box Repeated Measures(continued)

• Click on Option
• Choose Descriptive statistics
• Homogeneity tests
• Click on continue
• Click on OK

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Stat Lab Resources

• 12 PC computers, printer (free printing), and
  copier (limited use)
• Office supplies (stapler, 3-hole puncher, paper
  clips)
• Reference library (books can not leave the Stat
  Lab)
• Introductory text books on Statistics Research
  Methods
• Publication manual of the American Psychological
  Association
• Presenting your findings a practical guide for
  creating tables
• Displaying your findings a practical guide for
  creating figures, posters, and presentations
• Using SPSS for Windows Macintosh analyzing
  understanding data analyses (helpful in
  interpreting the results and writing it in APA
  format)

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Thanks for having us as your guests ?

• We have to justify the Stat Lab conducting SPSS
  workshops.
• Could you please fill out the SPSS workshop
  Evaluation at last page of the packet.
• If would please write comments about
• what you like most of the workshop,
• what you have learned about the workshop,
• how we may be able to improve it.
• We will greatly appreciate it.
• Thank You,

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Thanks for having us as your guests ?

• Do keep the Research and Statistics
  Attitude Survey you filled out.
• Please turn in the SPSS Workshop
  Evaluation. You can drop off this evaluation
  near the door.
• Please come and visit
• the Stat Lab (CLCC 107)

Have a good day. ?