Sustainable Energy Technologies Reference and Information Systems

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Sustainable Energy Technologies Reference and
Information Systems
Fuel processing and synfuels B. Kavalov European
Commission DG Joint Research Centre Institute
for Energy CEU-ACETech
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Pathways to syngas
Hydrocarbon feedstock
?
Natural gas
Coal
Biomass
Nuclear

Syngas (CO H2)

WGS CO H2O ? H2 CO2
Gasification for power generation ? gasification
for syngas production
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Natural gas resource prospects
Oil and natural gas reserves by world regions in
1983, 1993 and 2003
Source BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2004
Similar prospective geopolitical distribution of
oil and gas reserves Large gas fields for GTL
mainly in the Persian Gulf
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Coal and biomass resource prospects
Coal reserves by world regions in 2003
Source BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2004
Coal Different geopolitical distribution of coal
reserves from those of oil and gas dirty
technology (if no flue gas cleaning and CCS)
Biomass renewable, clean, but immature,
logistics economic challenges
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World syngas market by applications
Source ECN
Demand for NH3 ? demand of fertiliser industry ?
? cereals markets ? population growth
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World cereals stocks and stocks-to-utilisation
ratio within 1991-2004
Source FAO
Record low level of world cereal stocks, possible
further declines ? likely upward impact on
fertiliser (syngas) demand markets
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EU-25 past (1990, 2000) and projected (2010-2030)
consumption of petrol, diesel and total middle
distillates
Source EUR 21378 / 2004
Petrol demand Stable Diesel demand Growth (road
transport) Middle distillates demand Huge
growth (road AIR transport) Increasing middle
distillates supply ? (imports, hydrocracking
heavy oil fractions) EUR 21378 / 2004
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Syngas for methanol and GTL production of fuels
and chemicals
MeOH Major chemical feedstock, expected huge
growth in use F-T naphtha Perfect chemical
feedstock DME F-T diesel ? increase diesel
(middle distillates) supply
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Typical breakdown of fractions in oil refining
and in GTL synthesis
Source Fleisch T. et al., 2002 Emergence of
the Gas-to-Liquids industry a Review of Global
GTL Developments, Journal of Natural Gas
Chemistry, 2002
GTL suits better than oil refining the recent
trends in EU world fuel demand (increasing
middle distillates consumption)
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Competing alternatives to synfuels
Energy assessment criteria 1) Security
diversity of energy supply 2) Energy
efficiency 3) Environmental performance 4) Costs
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Conclusions

• Syngas can be obtained from a number of
  feedstocks. Each feedstock
• has advantages and disadvantages. With
  present technologies it is
• not possible to select an ultimate
  feedstock for syngas production.
• The syngas pathway can provide a number of
  products for numerous
• energy and non-energy applications.
• The syngas pathway competes with other energy
  transformation
• pathways and applications of feedstocks.
  The HyPoGen concept
• appears as a particularly suitable
  alternative of the nuclear syngas
• route.

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Thanks for your attention!
Boyan Kavalov 31 224 56 54 78 boyan.kavalov_at_jrc.n
l
www.jrc.nl
www.jrc.es
The views expressed in this presentation do not
represent a viewpoint of the European
Commission. Neither the European Commission, nor
any party acting on behalf of the European
Commission could be held responsible for the use,
which might be made from the content of this
presentation.